Analisis keragaman genetik jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) berdasarkan penanda molekuler RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

Oleh :
Novi Andari Yasminingsih - S900208016 - Sekolah Pascasarjana

ABSTRAK The reliance on unrenewable fossil fuel may cause an energy crisis, due to the lack of world fossil fuel stock. An alternative renewed energy of bio fuel is a promising solution in solving the severe crisis of energy. One of potential souces of bio fuel is Jatropha curcas (L.). The observation aims to ascertain band pattern and molecular variability of J. curcas accession in KIJP (Kebun Induk Jarak Pagar) Asembagus and the collection in Faculty of Agriculture UNS through RAPD analysis. The collected J. curcas accession are screened by band pattern in the RAPD analysis. Four primers were used in the RAPD process, including: SBH-3, SBH-15, OPE-7, and OPG-2 primers. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System version 2.02i (NTSYS) program were used to analysis the data. The measurement of J. curcas genetic similarity distance is based on similarity coefficient or genetic distance using method of Group Average Clustering of NTSYS program and Unweight Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA). 34 DNA band patterns were produced, in the range of 100 bp – 2000 bp. The total of DNA bands range from 3 (SBH-15) to 11 (OPE-7 and OPG-2). RAPD analysis showed polymorphism locus in J. curcas ranging from 3 (8.82%) to 18 (52.94%), the highest percentage was found from J. curcas accession in South Sulawesi, while the lowest one found in Central Java. The dendogram resulted from the RAPD showed eight clusters based on genetic distance less than 60%. The first cluster consists of East Java accession (codes A1, A2, A3), East Nusa Tenggara (codes B1, B2, B3), West Nusa Tenggara (codes C3, C4, C5) and South Sulawesi (codes D2, D3, D4); the second cluster consists of South Sulawesi (code D1); the third cluster consists of West Java (kode J2) and Palembang (code S1); the fourth cluster consists of West Java (code J3); the fifth cluster consists of Bengkulu (kode Bk1, Bk2, Bk3); the sixth cluster consists of West Sumatra (code S4); the seventh cluster consists of Central Java (code T3); and the eight cluster consists of Central Java accession (code T4). Matrix of genetic similarity ranges from 0.0000000 – 0.9333333 with the highest value of genetic similarity of 0.9333333 in East Nusa Tenggara with the B2 and B3 accession codes. Keywords: Jatropha curcas, RAPD markers, genetic diversity