The aims of this study were: (1) to develop written-instruction material using Dick and Carey model and advance organizers, and (2) to compare the effects of two kinds of written-instructional material on students’ achievement.
This experimental study was carried out in Sebelas Maret University during the academic year 1996/1997 with student taking Basic Social Science as subjects. The design used for this research was randomized block design. Before the implementation of the experiment, written-instructional material using Dick and Carey model and advance organizers was developed.
The instruments used in the study ware: (1) an achievement test to measure students’ achievement in Basic Social Science (r=0.97),and instruments for measuring the quality of the written material consisting of: (2) a rating scale by experts (r=0,76), and (3) students’ respons (r=0,83).
ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis at the level of significance a = 0.01. The results of the hypothesis testing revealed that: (1) The written-instructional material caused different affects o n students’ achievement in Basic Social Science (Fo = 169,22 greater than Ft = 43,12. (2) The written-instructional material development using Dick and Carey model and advance organizers is more effective in improving students’ achievement compared to the already existing written-instructional material (x1 = 64,98 greater than x2 = 57,10). (3) For every level of entry behavior students’ achievement in Basic Social Science using the written-instructional material developed by the Dick and Carey model and using advance organizers were higher than using existing written-instructional material.
It is therefore recommended to faculty members to develop written-instructional material based on the principles of well known instructional models.
