ABSTRACT
Adolfina Krisifu, T112002001. The Translation Analysis of Rhymes and
Figurative Expressions in The Rhyming Bible Storybook (English –
Indonesian). Disertation. Supervisor: Prof. Drs. M. R. Nababan, M. Ed., M.A., Ph.
D. Co-Supervisor I: Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M. Ed., Ph. D. Co-Supervisor II:
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M. A., Ph. D. Doctorate Degree in Linguistics, Majoring
in Translation. Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS),
Surakarta.
The translation of rhyming texts is challenging because a translator needs to
notice and comprehend textual grammar, structure and culture of both source and
target languages. This research aims to 1) describe the realization of rhymes and
figurative expressions in each stage of generic structure of the rhyme Bible
storybook, 2) explore the types of rhymes and figurative expressions found in both
the source and the target texts of the rhyme Bible storybook, 3) describe translation
techniques implemented in the target text of the rhyme Bible storybook, 4) analyze
the impacts of translation techniques on the translation shifts of the target text’s
rhymes and figurative expressions of the rhyme Bible storybook, and 5) analyze the
translation quality of the rhyme Bible storybook.
The current study is qualitative research with a case study design. A
purposive sampling technique was employed to select its data and sources of data.
The study is solely based on primary data which cover linguistic data and translation
data. The linguistic data are in the forms of words, phrases, clauses and sentences
used to realize types of rhymes and figures of speech. Meanwhile, the translation
data refer to translation techniques, translation shifts of rhymes and figures of
speech, and translation quality of the rhymed biblical storybook. The linguistic data
were gathered from a document through content analysis, and translation data were
obtained from informants and raters through FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Both
linguistic and translation data were categorized and analyzed on the basis of
domain, taxonomy, componential and cultural theme analysis.
The study reveals the followings based on the research question
formulation. First, the findings presented the diverse data regarding the generic
structures of the children’s rhyme biblical storybook. The rhymed data at the
orientation were identified 23.67% and that of 1.18% constituted figures of speech.
The next structure was complication that has contributed to 56.67% of rhyme and
6.51% of figurative expressions. At the resolution phase, this research unfolded
11.54% of rhyme data and 0.86% of figurative speech. Second, the types of rhymes
found in the text were based on the sound and location. The types of rhymes based
on the sound were exact, assonance, and consonance while based on the location,
the types of rhymes consisted of initial, internal, middle, and end. Regarding to
figurative expressions, this study found four kinds namely the metaphors, the
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personifications, the similes, and the paradox. Third, there were fifteen translation
techniques identified in the rhyme translation namely paraphrases, established
equivalences, reductions, additions, modulations, compensations, implicitations,
explicitations, variations, particularizations, transpositions, deletions, discursive
creations, natural borrowing, and generalization. On the other hand, the translation
techniques found in translating figurative expressions were ten types i.e.,
established equivalences, explicitations, paraphrases, deletion, reduction,
modulations, discursive creations, additions, generalisations, and compensations.
Fourth, the implementation translation techniques implemented having impact on
the shift of the rhyme types were the paraphrase, the reduction, and the
compensation whereas the use of the translation techniques triggering on the unshift
of the rhyme types was the paraphrase, the established equivalence, and the
modulation. Towards figurative expressions, the shifts occurred due to the
implementation of the explicitation, the paraphrase, deletion, modulation, and
reduction whilst the implementation of the established equivalence maintained the
types of figurative expressions of the source text in the target text. Finally, the
quality rates of each poetic device were quite different. The average scores of the
rhyme and figurative expression translation were 2.51 and 2.35 respectively.
Although, both poetic devices had different values, the average scores indicated that
the quality of either the rhyme translation or the translation of figurative expressions
generally tended to be a good quality translation. This is due to the fact that the
assessment of translation quality in the translation of children’s literature is mostly
emphasized on the acceptability and readability instead of the accuracy.
In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the complex interplay
between rhyme, figurative expressions, and translation techniques in children's
literature, emphasizing the importance of maintaining both the literary and aesthetic
qualities of the source text in the translation process. Moreover, the novelty of this
research on the translation of rhyme words and figurative expressions highlighted
the occurences of translation shifts were inevitable and outnumbered instead of
maintaining the same forms between the source and the target texts. The findings
contribute to the broader understanding of translation techniques in the context of
Bible storybooks and can inform future studies and practices in translating
children's literature. As a consequence, the implication of this study is on how to
produce a good standard of rhyme translation through a training and process of
translation.
Key words: figurative expressions, rhymes, translation quality, shift, translation
techniques.
