Tuberculosis control is handled by the central government, while Ternate
City involves various parties to eliminate pulmonary TB by 2030. Cooperation is
needed between the Ternate City Health Office, Community Health Centers, and
the community. The prevalence of pulmonary TB in North Maluku is higher in men
(91) than in women (68), with a more dominant incidence rate in men.
This study used mixed methods, combining quantitative and
qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach began with a non-experimental
correlational study to test the relationship between variables, using a
cross-sectional study design. Furthermore, the qualitative method was carried
out interactively with a phenomenological approach. This study applied a
sequential explanatory design. The quantitative population included 1,454
mothers who had family members with TB in Ternate City, with a sample of 440 people.
The results of the univariate analysis showed that the characteristics of
respondents aged 51-60 years were 71.1%, compared to those aged ≥ 60 years and
above by 25.9%, and at the elementary school level of education 41.1% compared,
while housewives (IRT) were 71.1% compared to civil servants/BUMN and private
retirees each by 1.4%, in Islam by 93.9% compared to Catholicism and Buddhism
each by 1.4%.
Bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed that maternal knowledge about TB, motivation about HBS, husband's support, socioeconomic status, and empowerment of the mother's role had a significant effect on family healthy behavior in preventing TB. The results of all variables had a p value <0>
Regression test with AMOS version 24 was
conducted in three stages to analyze the role of mothers in improving healthy
behavior of family members in preventing TB. The results showed that maternal
knowledge about TB had a significant direct effect, while motivation for clean
and healthy living had no significant effect (p = 0.286). Husband's support and
socioeconomic status had a significant effect on empowering the role of
mothers, having a direct impact on healthy family behavior in preventing TB.
Husband's support has a
significant effect on empowering the mother's role in improving family healthy
behavior to prevent TB, especially in reminders to take medication and
check-ups at the health center. Motivation for clean and healthy living does
not have a significant effect (p=0.286). Socioeconomic status has a direct
impact on maternal empowerment and family healthy behavior. Mother's knowledge
about TB also plays an important role, with maternal empowerment influencing
husband's support, motivation for clean and healthy living, and socioeconomic
status, which ultimately improves family healthy behavior.
Assessing the model accuracy index from the regression test results, the
analysis results show a chi-square value (CMIN) of 915.573 (p > 0.05). This
result shows no significant difference, in other words the model formed
represents the entire data. Other indices, namely the GFI value (0.732) and CFI
(0.761) are each above 0.7 while the RMSEA value (0.616) is below 0.08. The
conclusion is that this final model is truly fit.
The model of empowerment of the mother's role in improving healthy family
behavior to prevent TB has several main findings: (1) Mother's knowledge about
TB directly influences the healthy behavior of family members, (2) Husband's
support plays a role in empowering the mother's role and healthy behavior of
family members, (3) Socioeconomic status has an impact on empowering the
mother's role and healthy behavior, (4) Government intervention, community
role, and stakeholder role have an impact on the mother's role and healthy
family behavior, (5) empowering the mother directly improves healthy family
behavior, and (6) The model of empowering the mother's role to improve healthy
behavior of family members in preventing TB was successfully found.
The mechanism of the empowerment process implemented in this research
activity is to collaborate with the Head of the Health Center, TB program
holders, and TB cadres in the involvement of empowerment activities for mothers
to be given information related to knowledge of TB disease, contact surveys to
families and conduct examinations, monitoring families who have lived in the
house or often interact with TB sufferers who have been diagnosed, breaking the
chain of transmission in family members who are at risk of infection, and
providing treatment in the prevention of TB that is diligent to family members
of sufferers, assistance in taking medication, tracking new cases of TB in
families who are at risk of infection and are not compliant in taking medication.
Providing education: related to tuberculosis can be done in various ways,
such as: (1) providing information to TB sufferers and their families that TB
can be prevented and cured, (2) explaining that TB can be transmitted through
respiratory droplets, so TB sufferers need to apply proper coughing and
sneezing etiquette. (3) teaching TB sufferers to maintain home ventilation and
get sufficient exposure to sunlight. (4) teaching TB sufferers not to smoke and
not to blow phlegm or spit anywhere, (5) teaching TB sufferers to eat
nutritious food, exercise regularly, and maintain good air circulation. (6)
teaching TB sufferers to have sputum and TB germ tests. (7) teaching TB
sufferers to take antibiotics for at least 6 months. (8) teaching TB sufferers
to be obedient and regular in taking medication. (9) teach TB sufferers to
check with health facilities if an adult living in the same house has been
coughing for more than 3 weeks, so that there is a need for empowerment of the
mother's role in increasing the healthy behavior of family members in
preventing TB in families living in the same house.
