Analisis teknik penerjemahan dan kualitas terjemahan buku “asal-usul elite Minangkabau modern: respons terhadap kolonial Belanda abad ke xix/xx”

Oleh :
Havid Ardi - S13090800 - Sekolah Pascasarjana

ABSTRAK Havid Ardi. S130908005. 2010. Analisis Teknik Penerjemahan dan Kualitas Terjemahan Buku “Asal Asul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad ke XIX/XX.” Tesis. Pascasarjana Program Magister Linguistik, Minat Utama Penerjemahan. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengungkap bentuk dan penggunaan teknik penerjemahan dalam buku “Asal-Usul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad XIX/XX”. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan teknik, metode, dan ideologi penerjemahan, serta dampak penerapan teknik terhadap kualitas terjemahan dari segi keakuratan, keberterimaan, dan keterbacaan terjemahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif terpancang untuk kasus tunggal. Ini merupakan penelitian holistik yang melibatkan 3 (tiga) jenis sumber data. Pertama, sumber data objektif diperoleh dari dokumen yang berupa buku sumber dan terjemahannya. Kedua, sumber data afektif diperoleh dari informan yang memberi informasi mengenai keakuratan, keberterimaan dan keterbacaan terjemahan. Ketiga, sumber data genetik yaitu penerjemah dan editor ahli. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengkajian dokumen, penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Pemilihan sampel data dilakukan dengan teknik purposif sampling. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 18 jenis teknik penerjemahan dari 731 teknik yang digunakan penerjemah dalam 285 data. Berdasarkan frekuensi, teknik penerjemahan tersebut adalah: amplifikasi (16,69%), penerjemahan harfiah (11,76%), padanan lazim (11,49%), modulasi (9,99%), peminjaman murni (9,71%), reduksi/implisitasi (8,34%), adaptasi (7,80%), penambahan (5,06%), transposisi (3,69%), generalisasi (3,01%), kalke (2,60%), inversi (2,19%), partikularisasi (2,05%), penghilangan (2,05%), kreasi diskursif (1,37%), deskripsi (1,23%), peminjaman alami (0,82%), dan koreksi (0,14%). Terjemahan ini cenderung menggunakan metode komunikatif dengan ideologi domestikasi. Dampak pemilihan teknik penerjemahan terhadap kualitas terjemahan cukup baik dengan rata-rata skor keakuratan terjemahan 3,33, keberterimaan 3,55, dan keterbacaan 3,53. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjemahan memiliki keakuratan, keberterimaan dan keterbacaan yang baik. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang penerjemah berpengaruh terhadap teknik penerjemahan yang dipilih. Teknik penerjemahan yang banyak memberi kontribusi positif terhadap kualitas terjemahan adalah teknik amplifikasi, penerjemahan harfiah, dan padanan lazim. Teknik tersebut banyak menghasilkan terjemahan dengan keakuratan yang baik. Sementara, teknik penerjemahan yang banyak memberi kontribusi negatif atau menghasilkan terjemahan yang kurang akurat adalah teknik modulasi, penambahan, dan penghilangan. Implikasi penelitian, editor bahasa perlu dipertimbangkan disamping editor ahli agar terjemahan memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik. Penerjemah perlu meningkatkan kompetensi penerjemahan. Kata Kunci: teknik penerjemahan, metode penerjemahan, ideologi penerjemahan, kualitas terjemahan, keakuratan, keberterimaan, keterbacaan. ABSTRACT Havid Ardi. S130908005. 2010. The Analysis of Translation Techniques and Quality the Book of “Asal Asul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad ke XIX/XX.” Thesis. Postgraduate Program in Linguistic, Majoring in Translation Studies. Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta. This research aims at discovering types and the uses of translation techniques in the translation book “Asal-Usul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad XIX/XX”. The purposes of the research are to: identify and describe the translation techniques, method, ideology, and identify the impact of translation techniques toward the translation quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This research is a descriptive, qualitative research, and focuses on a single case. This is a holistic research which involved three kinds of source of data. The first source of data was taken from document, the original and the translation books as the objective data. The second source of data as the affective data was collected from informants who gave information about accuracy, acceptability and readability of the translation. The third source of data was translators and editor as genetic data. Techniques of collecting data were document analysis, distributing questionnaire, and interviewing. Purposive sampling was applied in this research. The research findings show that there were 18 types of translation techniques from 731 techniques applied by the translator within 285 data. Based on their frequencies, the techniques applied in the translation are amplification (16,69%), literal translation (11,76%), establish equivalence (11,49%), modulation (9,99%), pure borrowing (9,71%), reduction/implicitation (8,34%), adaptation (7,80%), addition (5,06%), transposition (3,69%), generalization (3,01%), calque (2,60%), inversion (2,19%), particularization (2,05%), omission (2,05%), discursive creation (1,37%), description (1,23%), naturalized borrowing (0,82%), and correction (0,14%). This translation tends to use communicative translation method and domestication ideology. The impact of the application of those techniques toward the translation quality was good enough, by the average score of accuracy 3.33, acceptability 3.55, and readability 3.53. Those scores indicate that the translation has good quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability. It also shows that background of the translators influence the techniques chosen. The translation techniques which give more positive contributions toward the quality of translation are amplification, literal translation, and establish equivalence. Those techniques mostly produce accurate translation. Meanwhile, the techniques which give negative contributions or produce less accurate translation are modulation, addition and omission. The research implies that the use language editor is required to be considered beside the content editor (expert) to increase translation quality. Besides, translators need to improve their translation competence. Keywords: translation technique, translation method, translation ideology translation quality, accuracy, acceptability, readability,