An analysis of vocative expressions in the film entitled “bring it on”

Oleh :
Vianinda Pratama Sari - C0305006 - Fak. Sastra dan Seni Rupa

ABSTRACT Vianinda Pratama Sari. C0305006. 2010. AN ANALYSIS OF VOCATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM ENTITLED “BRING IT ON”. English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta This research investigates non-referential vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled ―Bring It On‖. The objectives of this research are to find out the types of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled ―Bring It On‖ and to describe the reasons why those characters employ a certain type of vocative expressions. This research used a descriptive qualitative research referring to the method to formulate the conclusion by collecting, classifying, and interpreting the data of the research. The data sources of the research were the film entitled ―Bring It On‖ directed by Peyton Reed and its script found from the internet. All of the utterances containing non-referential vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled ―Bring It On‖ were used as the data of the research. This research applied purposive sampling technique in which several significant data containing non-referential vocative expressions were analyzed. Derived from the analysis, the research concludes that there are four types of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled ―Bring It On‖ according to Kubo‘s speech act theoretic analysis of vocatives. They are associative non-referential calling, dissociative non-referential calling, associative non-referential addressing, and dissociative non-referential addressing. Those different types of non-referential vocative expressions are certainly influenced by different contexts of situation. The reasons why the characters in the film entitled ―Bring It On‖ employ a certain type of vocative expressions are analyzed based on either a perlocutionary act of association or a perlocutionary act of dissociaton contained in the vocative expression. Basically, there are two reasons why the characters employ a certain type of vocative expressions namely to associate the hearer and to dissociate the hearer. The reason that the speaker intends to associate the hearer is specifically divided into four reasons. The first reason is that the speaker has an intention to show his or her affection and to respect the hearer. This reason maintains a close relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The second reason is that the speaker intends to minimize the speaker-hearer distance. This reason occurs when the speaker has a higher social status than the hearer. The next reason is that the speaker intends to associate the hearer who dissociates the speaker. The basic context of this reason is that the speaker is hated by the hearer but the speaker is still willing to associate the hearer. The last reason is that the speaker has an intention to motivate the hearer. This reason occurs when the hearer needs to be motivated. On the other hands, the reason that the speaker has an intention to dissociate the hearer is divided into three reasons namely to tease the hearer, to show that the speaker does not like the hearer, and xiii to show the speaker‘s anger. The first reason is that the speaker has an intention to tease the hearer. This reason occurs when the speaker and the hearer have a bad relationship. The second reason is that the speaker intends to show that he or she does not like the hearer. Similar with the first reason, this reason occurs when the speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer. The last reason is related to the speaker‘s intention to show his or her anger. The context occurred in this reason is that the speaker is angry since the hearer has made a mistake. Therefore, it can be said that the speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer. It is finally expected that this research will be useful for those who are interested in the related study. In addition, it is suggested that those who do research in linguistics are able to develop the research to other aspects of deixis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the film maker can provide vocative expressions containing insincere perlocutionary acts, exploitation of group term distinction and inconsistent vocative phrases so that the analysis will be more various and complete.