Identifikasi morfologi dan analisis sitologi tanaman durian sukun (durio zibethinus murr.)

Oleh :
Sujud Rianggono Widodo - H0104087 - Fak. Pertanian

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi dan sitologi tanaman durian sukun (Durio zibethinus Murr.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Benih Tanaman Hortikultura ”RANUKITRI” Mojogedang, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah serta di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian UNS mulai bulan Juli 2008 hingga Maret 2010. Karakter morfologi diamati berdasarkan pengamatan langsung melalui pencatatan data primer dan sekunder, dan pendokumentasian bagian-bagian tanaman durian sukun dengan pemilihan sampel secara purposive random sampling (secara sengaja). Penelitian sitologi dilakukan dengan motode squashing dan pewarnaan aceto- orcein. Kedua data diatas disajikan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil pengamatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi tanaman Durian Sukun antara lain tinggi tanaman rata -rata ± 8 meter dengan bentuk kanopi segitiga sama sisi, bangun daun oblongus, tepi daun integer, ujung daun acuminate, pangkal daun obtusus, rumus daun 2/5 dan pangkal tangkai daun menggelembung. Tanaman durian termasuk dalam tumbuhan yang berbunga lengkap/banci, muncul dari batang/ranting (flos caulis) dalam bunga payung majemuk. Bunga mempunyai banyak simetri (actinomorf), berkelopak lima saling berlekatan, mempunyai lima mahkota tidak berlekatan, terdapat 5 kelompok benang sari tiap kelompok terdapat banyak benang sari dan berlekatan. Buah termasuk buah sejati tunggal yang kering dalam golongan buah kotak sejati. bentuk ovoid (bulat telur), tekstur buah muda keras sekali dan buah masak lembut agak keras. Rasa durian tidak memperlihatkan rasa yang gurih dan manis seperti durian pada umumnya, bahkan seperti tidak berasa apapun atau dapat dikatakan lemah rasanya. Pengamatan Sitologi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kromosom durian sukun adalah 2n=28. ABSTRACT This research aims to obtain morphological and cytology character of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) plant. This research had been conducted from july 2008 to march 2010 in Horticultura plantation ”RANUKITRI” Mojogedang area of Karanganyar Regency, Middle Java and Plant Cultivation Laboratory UNS. The morphological characther based on direct observation through primary and secondary data recording, and documenting parts of durian sukun plant with purposive random sampling on the choosen of sample. And cytology reseacrh has been done using squashing – acetoorcein method. Both of them was analyzed using descriptive analysis. This plant has average of height in 8 meters with shape of crown are triangular. The leaves are oblongus, top of leaves is pointed (acuminate), leave base is dull (obtusus), leaves edge is flat (integer) and based of stalk leave is swolen. The flower of durian sukun is a hermaphrodit and perfect flower, came out of trunk or branch and has umbella composita in inflorentia compotition. This flower has a lot of simetris (actinomorf), has five cohere calyx and five petals, has five group of stamen which each group is containing a lot of cohere stamen. Durian fruit include in capsula fruit categories, which shape of fruit is ovoid. Tekstur of young aril fruit is hard and in mature is soft hardly. The taste of Durian fruit flavorless. Durian sukun seeds has a ovate shape. Durian sukun also contain the number of chromosome 2n = 28.