Hubungan stunting dengan skor IQ anak usia sekolah dasar keluarga miskin di Kabupaten Klaten

Oleh :
Ridha Rahmawati Ayu Pradita - G0005168 - Fak. Kedokteran

ABSTRAK Stunting merupakan salah satu bentuk gizi kurang yang ditandai dengan hasil pengukuran tinggi badan menurut umur diperoleh ≤ -2 SD (Standar Deviasi) berdasarkan referensi WHO 2000. Stunting dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kemampuan kognitif dikarenakan terlambatnya maupun tidak maksimalnya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu petanda perkembangan otak adalah IQ (Intelligence Quotient) yang dapat diukur dengan berbagai bentuk tes, diantaranya Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Stunting dengan skor IQ. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dilakukan di Kabupaten Klaten. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa-siswi sekolah dasar berumur 9-12 tahun yang secara stratified random sampling telah lolos skrining keluarga miskin yang menderita stunting maupun tidak (normal) serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Siswa-siswi diukur tinggi badannya dan dicatat hasil height-for-age-Z-score berdasarkan referensi WHO 2000. Dari total hasil yang didapat, diambil secara simple random sampling sebanyak 30 sampel untuk masing-masing subjek stunting dan normal/non stunting berdasarkan rule of thumb. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Independent t test dan One Way ANOVA. Hasil penghitungan statistik Independent t test menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara stunting dengan skor IQ dengan p=0,004. Sedangkan hasil penghitungan one way ANOVA mengenai hubungan tingkatan stunting dengan skor IQ menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan dimana p=0,129. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stunting dengan skor IQ anak usia sekolah dasar dari keluarga miskin. Sedangkan hubungan antara tingkatan stunting dengan skor IQ didapatkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Kata kunci: stunting, IQ (INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT), keluarga miskin, raven’s progressive matrices ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is one of the types of under nutrition remarked by height-for-age Z score ≤ -2 SD (Standard Deviation) according to WHO 2000 reference. Stunting can cause interfere with cognitive ability because of the delay of the brain growth and development or it cannot reach the maximal condition. One of the brain development markers is IQ (Intelligence Quotient) which is can be measured with many types of the tests, one is Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. This study intent on knowing the relationship between stunting and IQ score. Methods: This study was analytical observational with cross sectional research method design and conducted in Klaten Regency. The subjects were determined by stratified random sampling of the 9-12 years old elementary school children who had slipped off the poor family screening, suffered from stunting or normal and satisfied the inclusion criteria. The height of each child was measured and noted the height-for-age-Z-score according to WHO 2000 reference. According to the rule of thumb, 30 samples for each stunting and normal children were taken by simple random sampling from the total data results. The data samples were analyzed by using Independent t test and One Way ANOVA. Results: The statistic output of Independent t test showed that there was a significant result between stunting and IQ score marked by p value 0,004. There was an insignificant result concerned to the relationship between stunting level and IQ score according to One Way ANOVA statistic output which was marked by p value 0,129. Conclusions: This study concluded that stunting had significant relationship with IQ score. But, the relationship between stunting level and IQ score showed an insignificant result. Key words: stunting, IQ (Intelligence Quotient), poor family, raven’s progressive matrices