Hubungan sikap dan persepsi dengan kepatuhan dokter pada pengobatan rasional penyakit Ispa (infeksi akut saluran pernapasan atas) di puskesmas Kabupaten Tulungagung

Oleh :
Masduki - S540209114 - Sekolah Pascasarjana

ABSTRAK ISPA (Inspeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang menyerang salah satu bagian dan atau lebih dari saluran napas mulai dari hidung (saluran atas) meliputi rhinitis, sinusitis, faringitis, laryngitis, epglotitis, tonsillitis dan otitis hingga alveoli (saluran bawah) meliputi bronchitis, bronkhiolitis dan pneumonia termasuk jaringan adneksanya, seperti sinus, rongga telinga tengah dan pleura. Penyakit ini sampai saat ini masih merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Prevalensinya menempati urutan pertama tahun 1999 dan kedua pada tahun 2000 dari 10 penyakit terbanyak rawat jalan di Indonesia. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah seksional silang (cross sectional) karena variabel sebab dan akibat diukur dalam waktu bersamaan. Populasi semua dokter puskesmas Kabupaten Tulungagung dengan jumlah 73 dokter diambil dengan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi, dianalisis dengan uji regresi linier ganda. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik didapatkan tidak ada hubungan sikap dengan kepatuhan pengobatan rasional ISPA di Puskesmas Kabupaten Tulungagung (p = 0,995), tidak ada hubungan antara persepsi dengan kepatuhan pengobatan rasional ISPA di Puskesmas Kabupaten Tulungagung (p = 0,993) dan tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dan persepsi dengan kepatuhan pengobatan rasional ISPA di Puskesmas Kabupaten Tulungagung (Y = -114,1 -0,7X¬1 - 0,7X¬2). Hal ini disebabkan ada pertimbangan pencegahan infeksi sekunder, logistik dan permintaan pasien. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah sikap dan persepsi tetap diperlukan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan dokter pada pengobatan rasional ISPA tetapi harus disertai pendekatan lain misalnya studi banding di unit pelayanan kesehatan lain atau akses internet mengenai pengobatan ISPA terbaru. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan melaksanakan penyegaran pengobatan rasional ISPA secara rutin. Kata Kunci : sikap, persepsi, kepatuhan, pengobatan rasional ISPA ABSTRACT The Acute Respiratory Tract Infection is an acute infection which attacks one or more than one respiratory tract from nasal cavities (upper tract) covering rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, epglotitis, tonsilities, and otitis to alveoli (lower tracts) covering bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia including its adnexa tissues such as sinus, middle ear tract and pleura. This infection up to the present time still becomes the health problem in Indonesia. Its prevalence occupied the first place in 1999 and the second place in 2000 of the 10 illnesses of outpatient treatment in Indonesia. This research used a cross sectional research design as the variables of cause and effect were coincidentally measured. The population of the research was all of the doctors working at the Health Community Centers in Tulungagung regency. The samples of the research consisted of 73 doctors, and were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. The data of the research were gathered through questionnaire, and observation sheet. The data were then analyzed by using a multi-linear regression analysis. The result of the statistical analysis of logistic regression shows that (1) there is not any correlation between the attitude and the obedience of doctors in the rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection at community health centers in Tulungagung regency (p = 0.995); (2) there is not any correlation between the perception and the obedience of doctors in the rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection at community health centers in Tulungagung regency (p = 0.993); and there is not any correlation of the attitude and perception towards the obedience of doctors in the rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection at community health centers in Tulungagung regency (Y = -114,1 -0,7X¬1 - 0,7X¬2). This has to do with the considerations of secondary infection prevention, logistics, and request of patients. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion is drawn that the attitude and perception of the doctors are required to improve their obedience in the rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, but it must be accompanied with other approaches such as conducting comparative studies to other health service units and accessing the newest information of the medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection medication on the internet. Therefore, the Office of Health is suggested to hold the refreshment program on the rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection routinely. Keywords: Attitude, perception, obedience, and rational medication of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection