Laporan magang di PT. perkebunan nusantara IX kebun semugih ( evaluasi produk akhir teh hitam )

Oleh :
Eli Budi Santoso - H3106043 - Fak. Pertanian

ABSTRAK Praktek magang bagi mahasiswa bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan mahasiswa dalam dunia industri pada umumnya dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses produksi dalam pembuatan teh hitam serta mengevaluasi hasil akhir teh hitam di PT.Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih Moga, Banyumudal, Pemalang apakah sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI. Perlu diadakannya evaluasi hasil akhir agar teh hitam yang dihasilkan berkualitas dan aman dikonsumsi oleh konsumen serta dapat bersaing dengan Pabrik Lainnya dan Menambah Devisa Negara. Kegiatan magang di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih, Moga, Banyumudal, Pemalang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - April 2009 yang beralamatkan di Kebun Semugih Teh Hitam, Moga, Pemalang. Dengan metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan turun langsung untuk melakukan pengamatan dan ikut serta dalam kegiatan yang berlangsung di kebun maupun di pabrik. Teh hitam di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih Moga, Banyumudal, Pemalang menggunakan bahan dasar pucuk daun teh muda (Camelia Sinensis) yang diperoleh dari hasil pemetikan di kebun yang terletak disekitar pabrik, 4 jenis tanaman yang dipakai yaitu TRI 2024, TRI 2025, Kiara dan Gambung. Pemetikan yang digunakan di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih Moga, Banyumudal, Pemalang adalah dengan rumus p+1, p+2, p+3, b+2, dan b+3. Pemetikan dilakukan 1 minggu sekali /seminggu sekali 04.00 ampe selesai. Sebelum diproses lebih lanjut pucuk daun teh ditimbang dan dihamparkan agar daun teh tidak mudah rusak / lanas terkena panas dan mengurangi air yang menempel pada teh. Proses pengolahan teh hitam dimulai dari pelayuan dengan mesin Whitering trought selama 10 – 20 jam, penggulungan dengan Open Top Roller selama 50 menit, Press Cup Roller selama 30 menit, Rotorvane selama 20 menit, Rotary Roll Breaker 15 – 20 menit, Fermentasi selama 110 -180 menit di hitung mulai masuk ke OTR , pengeringan dengan suhu Inlet 90º C – 95o C dan suhu outlet 50o C – 55o C, Kadar air 2,5% - 3 %. Sortasi bertujuan memisah – misahkan teh kering menjadi beberapa grade baik ukuran, warna, berat sesuai dengan standar perdagangan teh, Hasil dare sortasi BOP: Lolos dimesh 12 tertahan di mesh 14, BOPF: Lolos dimesh 14 tertahan di mesh 18, PF: Lolos dimesh 18 tertahan dimesh 24,Dust:Lolos dimesh 24 tertahan dimesh 60, Dust III: Lolos dimesh 60. Hasil akhir produk teh hitam di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Kebun Semugih dibagi 3 mutu : 1. Mutu I terdiri BOP (Broken Orange Pekoe), BOPF (Broken Pekoe Fanning), PF.(Pekoe Fanning), Dust, Dust III, BP (Broken Pekoe), BT (Broken Tea). 2. Mutu II terdiri PF II, BP II, FANNING II, Dust II, Dust III 3. Mutu III terdiri dari BM, Kawul. Agar hasil teh tersebut berkualitas maka dilakukan pengujian mutu produk akhir yaitu untuk menilai teh yang dhasilkan dengan membandingkan standar kualitas yang telah ditetapkan. Pengujian mutu dilakukan dengan 4 cara yaitu Analisa basah, Analisa kering, Uji kadar air dan uji organoleptik. Dengan mengevaluasi hasil akhir produk teh hitam di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih Moga, Banyumudal Pemalang dapat disimpulkan bahwa teh hasil produksi PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih sudah memenuhi standar SNI dan Standar pabrik PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Divisi Tanaman Tahunan Kebun Semugih Moga, Banyumudal, Pemalang Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Produk Akhir Teh Hitam, Proses Produksi, Pengujian Mutu ABSTRACT Practice of apprentice for student aims to add student knowledge in industrial world generally and to know how production process in making of black tea and evaluates end result of black tea in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang is have been as according to SNI standard. It is need performing an evaluation of end result that black tea yielded with good quality and safe consumed by consumer and can compete with other plantation and add country’s foreign exchange. Activity of apprentice in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang was executed in March - April 2009 addressing in Black Tea Plantation Semogih Moga, Pemalang. Data collecting method are observation, interview, book study, and downwards directly to do observation and joins in activity taking place in garden and also in plant. Black tea in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang applies raw material of young tea leaf sprout (Camelia sinensis) which obtained from result of picking in located garden around plant, 4 crop type used that is TRI 2024, TRI 2025, Kiara and Gambung. Picking applied in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang is with formula p+1, p+2, p+3, b+2, and b+3. Picking is done once a week at 04.00 am until finished. Before processed furthermore tea leaf sprout deliberated and carpeted so that tea leaf is not easy to destroy by heat and lessens water patching at tea. Producting process of black tea started from wilting with whitering trought machine during 10 – 20 hours, furling with Open Top Roller during 50 minutes, Press Cup Roller during 30 minutes, Rotorvane during 20 minutes, Rotary Roll Breaker 15 – 20 minutes, Fermentation during 110 - 180 minutes calculate starts stepping into OTR, draining with inlet temperature 90º C – 95oC and outlet temperature 50oC – 55oC, water level 2,5% - 3 %. Sorting aims to apart dry tea become some grade either in size, color, heavily as according to tea commerce standard. Result of BOP sorting: Gets away in mesh 12 endured in mesh 14, BOPF: Gets away in mesh 14 endured in mesh 18, PFF: Gets away in 18 endured is mesh 24, Dust: gets away in mesh 24 endured in mesh 60, Dust III: Gets away in 60. End result of black tea in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX, Semugih Plantation is divided into 3 qualities: 1. Quality I covered of BOP (Broken Orange Pekoe), BOPF (Broken Pekoe Fanning), PF (Pekoe Fanning), Dust, Dust III, BP (Broken Pekoe), BT (Broken Tea). 2. Quality II covered of PF II, BP II, Fanning II, Dust II, Dust III 3. Quality III covered of BM, Kawul. In order to yield tea result with good quality hence done quality testing of end product to assess tea that yield by comparing quality standard which have been specified. Testing quality done with 4 ways, wet analysis, dry analysis, organoleptic test and water content test. By evaluating black tea product end result in PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang that tea result of produce of PT PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation has fulfilled SNI standard and standard of PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Annual Plant Division, Semugih Moga Plantation, Banyumudal, Pemalang. Keyword : End Product Evaluation of Black Tea, Production process, Quality Testing