Studi keragaman ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) di wilayah eks-karesidenan Surakarta berdasarkan ciri morfologi dan pola pita isozim

Oleh :
Santi Silfiana Ashary - M0406015 - Fak. MIPA

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan hubungan kekerabatan ganyong di wilayah eks-karesidenan Surakarta berdasarkan ciri morfologi dan pola pita isozim. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan ciri morfologi dan elektroforesis tunas rimpang ganyong untuk memperoleh pita isozim. Tunas rimpang segar diekstrak dengan cara digerus dan ditambahkan buffer ekstraksi kemudian disentrifuse pada kecepatan 13000 rpm selama 20 menit. Supernatan ditambahkan dengan loading dye kemudian dielektroforesis pada gel poliakrilamid. Ciri morfologi dan pola pita isozim yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Similaritas (IS) dan dikomputasi dengan program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) versi 2.0 sehingga diperoleh dendogram hubungan kekerabatan ganyong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman ciri morfologi ganyong di wilayah eks-karesidenan Surakarta yang meliputi warna dan ukuran organ tanaman. Pola pita isozim yang didapat juga menunjukkan keragaman yang meliputi kemunculan dan tebal tipis pita. Berdasarkan ciri morfologi dan pola pita isozim, ganyong Wonogiri dan ganyong Sukoharjo memiliki hubungan kekerabatan terdekat dengan koefisien kemiripan 48%, sedangkan hubungan kekerabatan terjauh yaitu antara C. hybrida dengan sampel yang lain pada koefisien kemiripan 11,57%. Kata kunci: ganyong, ciri morfologi, pita isozim, hubungan kekerabatan. ABSTRACT The aim of the research is to study the diversity and relationship of Edible Canna in Surakarta region based on the morphological characters and isozym band pattern. This research included morphological observation of Edible Canna and electrophoresis of the rhizomes to get isozym band pattern. Edible Canna’s fresh rhizomes were extracted with extract buffer and then centrifuged at 13000 rpm during 20 minutes. Supernatan and loading dye were mixed and then electrophored with poliacrilamide gel. The morphological characters and isozym band pattern were analysed using Similarity Index (SI) and computed with Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) program 2.0 version until get the dendogram. From the research, it can be concluded that there were diversity of Edible Canna based on the morphological characters and isozym band pattern. The diversity of morphological ganyong included the colour and size of Edible Canna’s organs. The diversity of isozym band pattern included emergence and thickness of band. Based on the morphological characters and isozym band pattern, Edible Canna from Wonogiri and ganyong from Sukoharjo have the closest relationship with similarity coefficient 48%, whereas the farthest was the relationship of C. hybrida with the others at similarity coefficient of 11,57%. Keyword: Edible Canna, morphological characters, isozym band, the relationship.