Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Using Reciprocal Teaching  (A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 13 Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2010/2011)

Aeni, Atik Nur

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses atau cara Reciprocal Teaching dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman membaca dan untuk mendeskripsikan askpek kunci dari Reciprocal Teaching ketika diterapkan dalam kelas membaca. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 13 Surakarta mulai dari bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan April 2011 melalui penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII D yang berjumlah 33 siswa terdiri dari 14 siswa laki-laki dan 19 siswa perempuan. Prosedur penelitian ini terdiri dari identifikasi masalah, perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakasanakan dalam dua siklus. Ada dua tipe data dalam penelitian ini yaitu qualitative dan quantitative. Qualitative data diperoleh melalui catatan peneliti, diari, wawancara, foto dan semua kegiatan dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk mengetahui peningkatan membaca siswa. Qualitative data diperoleh dari nilai pre-test dan post-test siswa yang dianalisa menggunakan descriptif statistic. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1) Reciprocal Teaching dapat meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa untuk menganalisa teks naratif. Dalam penerapan teknik ini, siswa membaca teks secara bertahap; guru dengan sabar mengawasi kegiatan siswa dan memberikan bantuan kepada siswa saat dibutuhkan. Peningkatan Pemahaman membaca siswa dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata pre-test yaitu 38.06, nilai rata-rata post-test siklus 1 59.09 dan nilai rata-rata pot-test siklus 2 68.33. Dan 2) Aspek kunci dari Reciprocal Teaching yang ditemukan adalah teks bacaan yang menarik, pengawasan dari guru dan interaksi siswa. Aspek kunci ini diterapkan secara terus menerus selama proses pembelajaaran menggunakan Reciprocal Teaching, teknik ini mampu meningkatakan pemahaman siswa akan teks yang telah dibaca. Sebagai tambahan, Reciprocal Teaching dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif dan termotivasi untuk mengikuti kelas membaca, menjadi lebih berani untuk berpendapat, meningkatkan jiwa kepemimpinan, meningkatkan kerjasama dan mempunyai kemauan untuk mengerjakan lembar kerja siswa yang diberikan oleh guru. The aims of this research are to describe the way reciprocal teaching can be implemented to improve reading comprehension and to describe the key aspects of reciprocal teaching when it is implemented in reading class. This research was conducted at SMPN 13 Surakarta from February to April 2011 through classroom action research. The subject of the research was the students of class VIII D. There were 33 students consisting of 14 boys and 19 girls. The procedure of this research consisted of identification, planning, action, observation and reflection. This research was applied in two cycles. There were two types of data in this research namely qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained by making notes, diaries, interviews and photograph of all the activities in the process of teaching and learning to find out students’ improvement in reading. Quantitative data was got from the students’ scores of pre-test and post-test that was analyzed by descriptive statistics. The result of the research showed that 1) Reciprocal teaching could improve the students’ reading comprehension in digesting the narrative text. In implementing the technique, students read the text strategically; the teacher monitored the students’ activity patiently and gave help as much as needed. The improvement of students’ reading comprehension could be seen that the mean score of the pre-test was 38.06, the mean score of post test of the first cycle was 59.09 and the mean score of the second post test was 68.33, and 2) the key aspects of reciprocal teaching which were found were interesting reading topic, teachers monitoring and students’ interaction. The key aspects which occurred dominantly during the reciprocal teaching and learning process were able to enhance the students to understand what had been read. In addition, reciprocal teaching could make students more active and motivated in joining reading class, be brave to give and share their idea, improve leadership, increase co-operation and have greater initiative in doing the task.

Abstrak

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Using Reciprocal Teaching (A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 13 Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2010/2011)