Pengaruh ekstrak apel (malus sylvestris mill) terhadap kerusakan sel ginjal mencit (mus musculus) yang diinduksi parasetamol

Oleh :
I Gusti Putu Sista W - G0008106 - Fak. Kedokteran

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian ekstrak apel dapat mengurangi kerusakan histologis sel epitel tubulus proksimal ginjal mencit yang diinduksi parasetamol dan mengetahui apakah peningkatan dosis ekstrak apel dapat meningkatkan efek proteksi terhadap kerusakan sel epitel tubulus proksimal ginjal mencit yang diinduksi parasetamol. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan the post test only controlled group design. Sampel berupa mencit jantan, galur Swiss webster berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan ± 20 gr. Sampel dengan teknik incidental sampling sebanyak 28 ekor dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 7 ekor mencit. Kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1), mencit diberi aquades selama 14 hari. Kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2), mencit diberi ekstrak apel dosis I (92,4 mg/20 gr BB mencit) selama 14 hari. Kelompok perlakuan 3 (P3), mencit diberi ekstrak apel dosis II (184,8 mg/20 gr BB mencit). Parasetamol dosis 5,07 mg/20 gr BB mencit diberikan pada kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 pada hari ke-12,13, dan 14. Hari ke-15, mencit dikorbankan kemudian ginjal mencit dibuat preparat dengan metode blok parafin dan pengecatan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Gambaran histologis ginjal diamati dan dinilai berdasarkan jumlah kerusakan histologis yang berupa penjumlahan inti piknosis, karioreksis, dan kariolisis. Data dianalisis dengan uji One-Way ANOVA (sig.= 0,05) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) (sig.= 0,05). Hasil Penelitian: Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara keempat kelompok. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara K-P1, K-P2, K-P3, P1-P2, P1-P3, dan P2-P3. Simpulan Penelitian: Ekstrak apel dapat mengurangi kerusakan sel ginjal mencit yang diinduksi parasetamol, tetapi peningkatan dosis ekstrak apel belum dapat meningkatkan efek proteksi terhadap kerusakan sel ginjal mencit. Objective: The objective are to know the influence of apple extracts to renal cell damaging of mice which is induced by paracetamol and the increase of apple extract dose can also increase protection effect to renal cell damaging of mice which is induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with posttest only controlled group design. Samples in this research were twenty eight male mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 months old age and + 20 gr of each weight. Sampledivided into 4 groups, each group has seven mice. Mice for control group (K) and the first treatment group (P1) will be given aquades for 14 days. The second treatment group (P2) will be given apple extracts dose I (92,4 mg/20 gr of mice body weight) for 14 days in a row. The third treatment group (P3) will be given apple extracts dose II (184,8 mg/20 gr of mice body weight) for 14 days in a row. Paracetamol will be given to P1, P2, and P3, with dose 5,07 ml/20 gr mice body weight on the day 12, 13, and 14. Finally on day 15th, mice are sacrificed. After that, we made preparate from the renal that painted by Hematoxillin Eosin. Renal histological is observed and scored base on quantifying of renal histological damaging on pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data are analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test (sig.=0,05), and continued by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (LSD) (sig.=0,05) Result: Result of One-Way ANOVA shows that there was a significant of degree between 4 groups. Result of LSD method there was a significant of degree between K-P1, K-P2, K-P3, P1-P2, P1-P3, andP2-P3 groups. Conclusion: The feeding of apple extracts was able to decrease the renal cell damaging of mice,butincreasing doses of apple extracts have not been able to increase the protective effect against mice renal cell damage.