Tindak tutur dalam khotbah bahasa batak toba di gereja HKBP Solo Surakarta

Oleh :
Liana - S1108090 - Sekolah Pascasarjana

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis tindak tutur (2) menjelaskan karakteristik pemakaian tindak tutur (3) menjelaskan jenis tindak tutur yang dominan (4) Alasan Yang Mendasari Mengapa Tindak Tutur Direktif Lebih Dominan Digunakan dalam khotbah bahasa Batak Toba di Gereja HKBP Solo. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan studi kasus yang mengambil lokasi di dalam Gereja HKBP Solo. Sampel penelitian ini ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Sebagai sampelnya adalah Bahasa Batak Toba di Gereja HKBP Solo. Data penelitian ini berwujud data lisan dan data tertulis. Data lisan diperoleh dari khotbah bahasa Batak Toba yang disampaikan oleh pendeta yang sudah direkam. Data tersebut kemudian ditranskrip ke dalam data tertulis. Data tertulis juga diperoleh dari tindak tutur dalam khotbah bahasa Batak Toba di Gereja HKBP Solo. Pengumpul data dilakukan dengan teknik Observasi Langsung, Teknik Rekam, Teknik Simak dan Catat. Analisis datanya menggunakan teknik padan dan banding. Setelah dilakukan analisis diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Tindak tutur dalam khotbah bahasa Batak Toba di Gereja HKBP Solo terdapat tujuh jenis tindak tutur, yaitu: Fatis, performatif, komisif, ekspresif, verdiktif, asertif dan direktif. Pada tindak tutur fatis hanya terdiri atas tiga subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘menghormati’, ‘mengucapkan salam’ dan ‘menyapa’. Tindak tutur performatif terdiri atas tiga subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘menyatakan’, ‘memutuskan’, dan ‘mangabulkan’. Tindak tutur komisif terdiri atas enam subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘menawarkan’, ‘berjanji’, ‘bertanya’, ‘bersumpah’, ‘mengklaim’, dan ‘menyetujui’. Tindak tutur ekspresif terdiri atas tujuh subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘bersimpati’, ‘mengakui’, ‘memuji’, ‘bersyukur’, meminta maaf’, dan ‘menolak’. Tindak tutur verdiktif terdiri atas sepuluh subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘mengucapkan selamat datang’, ‘memberi semangat’, ‘mendukung’, ‘berterima kasih’, ‘memberi kesanggupan’, ‘menyangkal’, ‘berpasrah’, mengkritik’, ‘mengharap’, dan ‘membela’. Tindak tutur asertif terdiri atas lima belas subtindak tutur yakni; ‘memberitahu’, ‘mengatakan’, ‘meyakinkan’, ‘mengibaratkan’, ‘memastikan’, ‘menyangsikan’, ‘membenarkan’, ‘menyebutkan’, ‘melaporkan’, ‘menunjukkan’, menjelaskan’, ‘mengumumkan’, ‘memamerkan’, menyampaikan’, dan ‘menegaskan’. Tindak tutur direktif terdiri atas tujuh belas subtindak tutur, yakni; ‘melarang’, ‘menasehati’, ‘memarahi’, ‘memohon’, ‘meminta’, ‘mengarahkan’, ‘mempersilahkan’, ‘merayu’, ‘membujuk’, ‘menyarankan’, ‘menegur’, ‘mengharuskan’, ‘menyuruh’, ‘mengajak’, ‘menginstruksikan’, ‘mengingatkan’, dan ‘menganjurkan’. Tindak tutur yang dominan dalam khotbah bahasa Batak Toba di Gereja HKBP Solo adalah tindak tutur direktif terdiri atas tujuh belas subtindak tutur. Subtindak tutur ‘meminta’ yang paling dominan dalam tindak tutur direktif. Adapun karakteristik pemakaian tindak tutur dalam khotbah bahasa Batak Toba yaitu; karakteristik pemakaian pada khotbah dan warta jemaat, para pendeta di Gereja HKBP Solo. Khotbah yang disampaikan oleh pendeta kepada jemaat yang tertulis di dalam Alkitab. Warta jemaat yang dimaksud di sini adalah tertib acara yang diberikan kepada jemaat sebelum beribadah berlangsung atau sebagai panduan untuk jemaat saat beribadah di Gereja HKBP Solo. Implikasi masyarakat Batak Toba di gereja HKBP Solo di temukan tindak tutur yang dominan adalah tindak tutur direktif, penelitian ini membahas tentang karakteristik masyarakat Batak Toba dan bisa diikuti deengan tindak tutur yang lain. This research aims to (1) describe types of speech acts (2) explain the dominant types of speech acts (3) explain the characteristics of speech acts use of Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Church Solo (4) explain the basic reason why directive speech act is more dominant used in Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Church Solo. The research is qualitative research with a case study taking place in HKBP Church Solo. It uses purposive sampling technique with Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Chruch Solo as the sample. The data of this research are the oral data and the written data. The oral data were recorded from Batak Toba language preaching delivered by the priest. The data were changed into the written data. The written data were taken from the speech acts of Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Church Solo. The techniques of data collection are direct observation, recording technique, and note-taking. The data analyses used are equal and compare techniques. After analyzing the data, the researcher drew some conclusions. There are seven types of speech acts of Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Church Solo: phatic, performative, commissive, expressive, verdictive, assertive and directive. Phatic speech act consists of three sub speech acts: respecting, greeting, and accosting. Performative speech act consists of three sub speech acts: declaring, deciding, and granting. Commisive speech act consists of six sub speech acts: offering, promising, asking, swearing, claiming, and approving. Expressive speech act consists of seven sub speech acts: giving sympathy, confessing, flattering, thanking, giving apologize, denying, and blessing. Verdictive speech act consists of ten speech acts: welcoming, giving motivation, supporting, thanking, giving capability, denying, sincere, criticizing, wishing, and assisting. Assertive speech act consists of fifteen sub speech acts: giving notice, saying, convincing, supposing, assuring, questioning, justifying, mentioning, reporting, indicating, explaining, announcing, establishing, conveying, and asserting. Directive speech act consists of seventeen speech acts: banning, giving advices, scolding, begging, requiring, pointing, inviting, flattering, persuading, suggesting, admonishing, compelling, commanding, asking, giving instruction, reminding, and proposing. The dominant speech act is directive. It has seventeen sub speech acts. Ordering is the most dominant sub speech act in directive. The characteristics of speech acts use of Batak Toba language preaching in HKBP Church Solo are: the characteristic of the use of speech act in the preaching and brochure; the preachers of Batak Toba language in HKBP Church Solo become the characteristic of the use of the speech acts. The characteristic of the use of the speech acts is the characteristics of the use of speech acts priests. The preaching delivered by the priests is written in the Bible. The priest and the congregations read the brochure in turns to deliver the text written in the Bible. The brochure meant here is brochure given to the congregations before the prayers as the handbook for the congregations during the prayers. The dominant speech act for Batak Toba society is directive speech act. This research discusses about the characteristics for Batak Toba society and can be followed up by other speech acts.