Hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani di kecamatan Welahan kabupaten Jepara

Oleh :
Lutfiatun Nisfah - H0808121 - Fak. Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sumber-sumber pendapatan dan kontribusi masing-masing sumber pendapatan rumah tangga petani, mengkaji tingkat konsumsi pangan dan non pangan rumah tangga petani, mengkaji kondisi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani berdasarkan indikator konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein dan proporsi pengeluaran pangan, serta mengkaji hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani di Kecamatan Welahan Kabupaten Jepara. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Welahan Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penarikan sampel desa dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) yaitu Desa Ujungpandan dan Desa Kalipucang Wetan dengan pertimbangan jumlah penduduk yang bekerja sebagai petani di desa tersebut adalah terbesar urutan pertama dan kedua. Responden yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 40 orang rumah tangga petani. Pemilihan responden dari masing-masing desa menggunakan metode simple random sampling (SRS). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, pencatatan, recall, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber-sumber pendapatan selain dari kegiatan usahatani di Kecamatan Welahan adalah buruh bangunan, karyawan toko dan bengkel, pedagang, merajut jala ikan, pengrajin batu bata, dan kiriman. Rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan dari kegiatan usahatani yaitu sebesar 42,55% atau Rp 1.476.325,00. Rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan dari kegiatan non usahatani yaitu sebesar 56,37% atau sebesar Rp 1.956.250,00. Rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan dari remiten yaitu sebesar 1,08% atau Rp 37.500,00. Rata-rata proporsi pengeluaran pangan terhadap pengeluaran total sebesar 53,30% atau Rp 1.186.020,00, sedangkan proporsi pengeluaran konsumsi non pangan terhadap pengeluaran total sebesar 46,70% atau Rp 1.039.028,00. Hal ini berarti, tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani tergolong rendah. Rata-rata konsumsi energi dan protein rumah tangga petani adalah 1.938,65 kkal/orang/hari dan 98,179 gram/orang/hari. Rata-rata tingkat konsumsi energi 94,618% (sedang), sedangkan tingkat konsumsi protein 180,699% (baik). Kondisi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani di Kecamatan Welahan berdasarkan tingkatannya adalah : tahan pangan sebesar 70%, rentan pangan 22,5%, kurang pangan 5%, dan 2,5% termasuk dalam kondisi rawan pangan. Hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan total pendapatan rumah tangga negatif dan sangat rendah (-0,010), hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan proporsi pengeluaran pangan positif dan sangat rendah (0,108), hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan tingkat kecukupan energi negatif dan sangat rendah (-0,199). Hubungan diversifikasi pendapatan dengan tingkat kecukupan protein adalah negatif dan sangat rendah (-0,088). This research are aimed to analyze the sources of income and the contribution of each income sources of rural farm household, to analyze food and non food consumption rate of rural farm household, to analyze food security condition of rural farm household based on the energy consumption and the proportion of food expenditure indicators, and to analyze relationship of among income diversification and rural farm household food security in Welahan Distric Jepara Regency. This research used descriptive analytic method and executed survey technique. This research was done in Welahan Distric Jepara Regency. Ujungpandan and Kalipucang Wetan Village of Welahan Distric had chosen as research area used purposive method with consideration that the population who worked as farmer were the largest in the Distric. There were 40 Respondens had taken in this research. The respondents selection used Simple Random Sampling (SRS) method. The data used in this research were primary and secondary data. Techniques of data collection is done with interviews, observation, registration, recall, and documentation. The result of research showed that rural farm household in Welahan Distric have done sources income diversification. The average of income contribution of on farm activities income is 42,55 or 1.476.325 IDR. The average of income contribution of non farm activities is 56,37% or 1.956.250 IDR. The average of income contribution of remitan is 1,08% or 37.500 IDR. The average proportion of food expenditure on total expenditure is 53,30% or 1.186.020 IDR, while the average proportion of non food expenditure on total expenditure is 46,70%, it or 1.039.028 IDR. It means that the rate of poverty in rural farm household is low. The average of energy and protein consumption of rural farm household is 1.938,65 kcal/cap/day and 98,179 grams/cap/day. The average of energy consumption rate is 94,618% (medium), and the rate of protein consumption is 180,699% (good). Food security’s condition of rural farm households are 70% for adequate foods, 22,5% are vulnerable foods, 5% are less foods and 2,5% are prone foods. Relationship among income diversification and total household incomes is negative and very low (-0,010), relationship among income diversification and the proportion food expenditure is positive and very low (0,108), relationship among income diversification and the energy adequacy’s level is negative and very low (-0,199), and relationship among income diversification and the protein adequacy’s level is negative and very low (-0,088). From the results of this research can be suggested to improve the knowledge about nutrition at the household and Increasing household incomes, so the condition of household food security is better.