Pengaruh pemberian tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica val) dan tepung temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb) dalam ransum terhadap performan ayam broiler jantan

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Wisnu Ade Kusuma - H0507077 - Fak. Pertanian

Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam usaha peternakan ayam broiler, terpenuhinya kebutuhan pakan baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas sangat menentukan penampilan produksi ternak. Peningkatan nilai penggunaan pakan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan bahan pakan tambahan (feed additive). Feed additive adalah suatu bahan yang dicampurkan di dalam pakan yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan, produktivitas, maupun keadaan gizi ternak, meskipun bahan tersebut bukan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan zat gizi. Keberadaan feed additive dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan efisiensi ransum, sehingga dapat menguntungkan para peternak ayam broiler. Salah satu cara dalam memperbaiki penggunaan bahan pakan yaitu dengan penambahan tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica val) dan tepung temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb) sebagai feed additive. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica val) dan tepung temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb) dalam ransum terhadap performan ayam broiler jantan. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 35 hari yang dimulai pada tanggal 14 September 2011 sampai 19 Oktober 2011 di Mini Farm Program Studi Peternakan di Desa Jatikuwung, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ayam broiler jantan sebanyak 80 ekor yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan dimana setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam broiler jantan. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi P0= ransum basal (kontrol), P1= Ransum basal + tepung kunyit 1% + tepung temulawak 1%, P2= Ransum basal + tepung kunyit 2% + tepung temulawak 2%, dan P3= Ransum basal + tepung kunyit 3% + tepung temulawak 3%. Peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, dan feed cost per gain. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah, apabila hasil menunjukkan adanya pengaruh perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata dari empat perlakuan yaitu P0, P1, P2, dan P3 berturut-turut untuk konsumsi ransum adalah 130,72; 126,93; 110,69; dan 85,53 (gram/ekor/hari), PBBH 64,17; 55,51; 46,98; dan 28,10 (gram/ekor/hari), konversi 2,04; 2,29; 2,36; dan 3,05, dan feed cost per gain Rp. 11.033,35; Rp. 13.464,46; Rp. 14.614,25; dan Rp. 21.372,50. Berdasarkan analisis variansi pemberian tepung kunyit dan tepung temulawak dalam ransum, sangat nyata (P<0,01) menurunkan konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan harian, konversi ransum dan menaikkan feed cost per gain. Feed is one important factor in broiler chicken farm, the requirement for feed both in quality and quantity will determine the appearance of animal production. Increase in the value of the use of feed can be done by providing additional feed additive. Feed additive is a substance that is mixed in the feed that can affect the health, productivity, and nutritional status of cattle, although the material is not to satisfy nutritional needs. The presence of feed additives in the ration can improve the efficiency of the ration, so as to benefit the broiler breeders. One way to improve the use of feed ingredients is flour with the addition of kunyit flour (Curcuma domestica val) and temulawak flour (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) as a feed additive. This research was to find out the effect of kunyit flour (Curcuma domestica val) and temulawak flour (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) in the ration to male broiler chickens performance. This research was conducted for 35 day starting on september 14th 2011 until oktober 19th 2011 in Minifarm of Animal Husbandry Program of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University which located in Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. The material used in this research ware 80 male broiler chicks are divided into four treatments and four replications where each replication consisted of five male broiler chicks. The treatments are P0= Basal ration (control), P1= Basal ration + 1% kunyit flour + 1% temulawak flour, P2= Basal ration + 2% kunyit flour + 2% temulawak flour, P3= Basal ration + 3% kunyit flour + 3% temulawak flour. The data was analyze by variance analyze to feed consumption, feed convertion, covariance analyze for average daily gain, and feed cost per gain. The design was Completely Randomized Device (CRD) in the direction of the pattern, if the results show the influence followed by Duncan's test. Result of variance analyze showed that average of four treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) in series for lower ration consumption were 130,72; 126,93; 110,69; and 85,53 (gram/head/day), body weight gain were 64,17; 55,51; 46,98; and 28,10 (gram/head/day), conversion rations 2,04; 2,29; 2,36; and 3,05, and feed cost per gain Rp. 11.033,35; Rp. 13.464,46; Rp. 14.614,25; dan Rp. 21.372,50.Variance analyze addition of kunyit flour and temulawak flour in the ration highly significant (P <0.01) lower ration consumption, body weight gain,conversion rations and highly feed cost per gain.