The effectiveness of problem based learning method to teach speaking skill viewed from students’ critical thinking (an experimental study at the second semester of english program students of fkip tanjungpura university pontianak in the academic year of 2

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Wardah - S891108117 - Sekolah Pascasarjana

The objectives of the research are to examine: (1) whether Problem Based learning is more effective than Audio-Lingual Method to teach speaking to the Second Semester of English Program Students of FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic Year of 2012/2013; (2) whether the students having high critical thinking have better speaking skill than those having low critical thinking of the Second Semester of English Program Students of FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic Year of 2012/2013; and (3) whether there is an interaction between teaching methods and students‘ critical thinking in teaching speaking to the Second Semester of English Program Students of FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic Year of 2012/2013. This experimental study was conducted at the Second Semester of English Program Students of FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic Year of 2012/2013. The sample of the research was two classes; Class A consists of 26 students as an experimental class and Class B consists of 26 students as a control class. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Each class was divided into two groups (the students having high and low critical thinking). The techniques of collecting data were critical thinking test for collecting data of students‘ critical thinking and speaking test for collecting the data of students‘ speaking skill. The data were analyzed by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test of 2 x 2 and Tukey test. The result of data analysis shows that: (1) Problem Based Learning differs significantly from Audiolingual Method to teach speaking because Fo > Ft and qo (between A1 and A2) > qt and Problem Based Learning is more effective than Audiolingual Method to teach speaking because the mean of A1 > A2; (2) students having high critical thinking differ significantly from those having high critical thinking because Fo > Ft and qo (between B1 and B2) > qt and the students having high critical thinking have better speaking skill than the students having low critical thinking because the mean of B1 > B2; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and students‘ critical thinking in teaching speaking because Fo > Ft. In addition, the result of Tukey test shows that: (a) for the students having high critical thinking, Problem Based Learning differs significantly from Audiolingual Method to teach speaking because qo (between A1B1 and A2B1) > qt and Problem Based Learning is more effective than Audiolingual Method to teach speaking because the mean of A1B1 > A2B1; and (b) for the students having low critical thinking, Audiolingual Method does not differ significantly from Problem Based Learning to teach speaking because qo (between A1B2 and A2B2) < qt. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Problem Based Learning is an effective method to teach speaking to the Second Semester of English Program Students of FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic Year of 2012/2013. The effectiveness of the method is influenced by the students‘ critical thinking. Keyword: Problem Based Learning, Audio-Lingual Method, speaking, critical thinking, experimental study