Isolasi, seleksi dan uji biosurfaktan bakteri pendegradasi phenanthren dari Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Jawa Tengah

Oleh :
Diana Widya Prasetyo Putri - - Fak. MIPA

ABSTRAK Pencemaran perairan akibat tumpahan minyak pernah terjadi di Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Hal tersebut sangat mengganggu kestabilan ekosistem di dalamnya, terutama karena minyak mengandung komponen yang bersifat mutagenik dan karsinogenik, salah satunya PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon). Teknik bioremidiasi merupakan suatu cara untuk mendegradasi zat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk isolasi dan seleksi bakteri pendegradasi phenanthren dari Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Jawa Tengah, serta menguji kemampuan bakteri tersebut dalam menghasilkan biosurfaktan. Sampel diambil dari Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Jawa Tengah berupa air laut permukaan dan sedimen. Isolasi dilakukan dengan metode sublimasi menggunakan phenanthren. Seleksi dilakukan dengan metode sublimasi menggunakan phenothiazin, dibenzothiphen, fluoren dan fluoranthen. Bakteri potensial dipilih berdasarkan luas zona bening yang terbentuk. Bakteri potensial tersebut kemudian diuji biosurfaktan untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan biosurfaktan. Koloni pendegradasi phenanthren yang berhasil diisolasi berjumlah 105 koloni pembentuk zona bening. Dari jumlah tersebut didapatkan 5 isolat potensial dari sedimen. Isolat pertama (C1-S-7) mampu mendegradasi phenanthren, phenothiazin, dibenzothiophen, fluoren dan fluoranthen. Isolat kedua (C1-S-23) mampu mendegradasi phenanthren, dibenzothiophen dan fluoren. Isolat ketiga (C1-S-24) dan keempat (C1-S-29) mampu mendegradasi phenanthren, dibenzothiophen, fluoren dan fluoranthen. Isolat kelima (C2-S-5) mampu mendegradasi phenanthren dan dibenzothiophen. Kelima isolat tersebut tidak menghasilkan biosurfaktan. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa di Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Jawa Tengah terdapat bakteri pendegradasi PAH yang berpotensi untuk bioremidiasi. Kata kunci: isolasi, skrining, biosurfaktan, phenanthren, Teluk Penyu. Sebelas Maret University.Water contamination caused by oil spill had been happened in Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Central Java. It can disturb the stability of marine environment, especially cause by oil spill which is containing mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds such as PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon). Bioremediation technique is a way to degrade PAH compound. The aims of this observation were to isolate and screening of phenanthren-degrading bacteria from Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Central Java, also to assay their ability of biosurfactant producing. Sample was taken from surface sea waters and sediments at Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Central Java. Sublimation method with phenanthrene used to isolate. Screening used sublimation method with phenotiazine, dibenzothiophene fluoreneand fluoranthene Potential bacteria was chosen depend on the formation of clear zone. After that, potential bacteria was assay on their ability of biosurfactant producing. The number of colony forming clear zone were succed being isolated are 105 colony. After screened, five isolates found as the potential ones. First colony (C1-S-7) was capable of degrade phenanthrene, phenothiazine, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, and fluoranthene. Second colony (C1-S-23) was capable of degrade phenanthrene, dibenzothiophen and fluorene. Third (C1-S-24) and fourth (C1-S-29) colony were capable of degrade phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, and fluoranthene. Fifth colony (C2-S-5) was capable of degrade phenanthrene and dibenzothiohene. Biosurfactant test showed that all of potential isolates could not produce biosurfactant. This result was represent that in Teluk Penyu, Cilacap-Central Java there were phenanthrene-degrading bacteria which is potential in bioremediation. Key word: isolation, screening, biosurfactant, phenanthrene, Teluk Penyu.