Abstrak


Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Katuk (Sauropusandrogynus (L.) Merr) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Anopheles aconitusL. Instar III


Oleh :
Adi Purnomo - G0012004 - Fak. Kedokteran

ABSTRAK
LatarBelakang:Pemberantasan Anopheles aconitus L. yang merupakan vektor penyakit malaria dengan menggunakan insektisida kimiawi diketahui telah menyebabkan banyak kerugian dan resistensi, sehingga perlu digunakan bahan alternatif yaitu dengan menggunakan larvasida alami seperti tanaman. Daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) mengandung senyawa yang bersifat larvasida alami sehingga peneliti ingin membuktikan bagaimana efek esktrak etanol daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk  Anopheles aconitus L. instar III.
TujuanPenelitian:Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahuibagaimanaefekekstrakdaunkatuk (Sauropusandrogynus(L.)Merr.)terhadapmortalitas larva Anopheles aconitus L. instar III.
Metodepenelitian:Jenispenelitianadalahekperimentallaboratoriumdenganrancanganthe post test only controlled group design. Obyekpenelitianadalah larva Anopheles aconitus L. instar III yang dibagimenjadi 7 kelompok, masing-masingberisi 25 larva nyamukdandilakukanpengulangan 4 kali. Kelompokkontrolnegatifmenggunakan 100ml akuades.Enamkelompoklainnyadiberiekstraketanoldaunkatuk yang terdiridari 0,06%, 0,14%, 0,22%, 0,30%, 0,38%, dan 0,46%. Pengamatandilakukandalam 24 jam kemudiandihitungjumlah larva nyamuk yang mati. Data diujimenggunakanRegresi Linear danRegresiProbit.
Hasilpenelitian:Uji Regresi Linear menunjukkan kenaikan ekstrak etanol daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) mempengaruhi kenaikan mortalitas larva Anopheles aconitus L berdasarkan rumus Y=0,02+2,12X. Nilai korelasi R sebesar 0,98 serta R2 sebesar 0,96 yang berarti persentase pengaruh variabel ekstrak etanol daun katuk terhadap mortalitas larva sebesar 96% dan sisanya 4% dipengaruhi variabel lain. Regresi Probit menunjukkan LC50 pada 0,231% dan LC99 pada 0,558%.
Simpulan:Ekstrak etanol daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) berefek terhadap mortalitas larva Anopheles aconitus L instar III seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasinya. LC50 sebesar 0,231% dan LC99 sebesar 0,558%.
Kata kunci:daunkatuk (Sauropusandrogynus(L.) Merr.), larva Anopheles aconitus L. instar III, mortalitas
ABSTRACT
Background:Uses of chemical insecticide to kill Anopheles aconitus L. mosquitoes can cause many side effects and resistances of the mosquitoes so we need natural larvicide from herbs to kill Anopheles aconitus L. larvae. Sweet leaves contain substances that can be used as larvicide so the researcher wanted to prove that ethanol extract of sweet leaves has effects on mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine howethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropusandrogynus(L.)Merr.)affectto the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae.
Methods: This research use a laboratory experimental design with post test only controlled group design. The subject of this research is Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larva that was divided into 7 groups, each group contains 25 larvae and repeated 4 times. For the negative control group we used 100ml of aquadest only. The other six groups contain different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaves. There are 0,06%, 0,14%, 0,22%, 0,30%, 0,38%, and 0,46%. The observation did after 24 hours and the number of dead larvae was counted. Data analyzed by Linear Regressionand Probit Regression.
Results:Linear Regression test shows that increasing of the ethanol extract of sweet leaves will affect to the increasing of Anopheles aconitus L’ mortality based on Y = 0.02 + 2.12X formula. The R correlation is 0.98 and R2 score is 0.96 mean that percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae is 96% and the rest 4% is affected by other variables. Probit Regression test shows LC50 is 0,231% mg and LC99 is 0.558%.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaves(Sauropusandrogynus(L.)Merr.)affectto the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvaeparalleled to the increasing of ethanol extract. LC50is 0,231% and the LC99 is 0,558%.
Keywords: ethanol extract of sweet leaves, (Sauropusandrogynus(L.)Merr.), Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae, mortality