Abstrak


Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Terhadap Kerusakan Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Parasetamol (Mus musculus)


Oleh :
Shinta Retno Wulandari - G0012210 - Fak. Kedokteran

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) diketahui mengandung berbagai macam antioksidan seperti: vitamin C, flavonoid dan sulforafan. Antioksidan tersebut diduga dapat melindungi hepar dari kerusakan sel akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak brokoli dapat memproteksi sel hepar mencit dari kerusakan akibat parasetamol dosis toksis dan peningkatan dosis ekstrak brokoli dapat meningkatkan efek proteksi terhadap sel hepar mencit.
Metode : Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan the post test only control group design. Sampel berupa mencit Swiss webster jantan, berumur 2-3 bulan, berat badan ± 20 gram. Sampel diambil secara incidental sampling sebanyak 30 ekor, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok secara random, masing-masing terdiri dari 6 mencit. Kelompok kontrol negatif (K1) diberi akuades, kelompok kontrol positif (K2) diberi parasetamol dosis toksis, kelompok KP1, KP2 dan KP3 diberi ekstrak brokoli dengan dosis berbeda dan parasetamol. Ekstrak brokoli diberikan secara peroral dengan sonde lambung selama 14 hari beturur-turut, sedangkan parasetamol diberikan pada hari ke-12, 13 dan 14. Pada hari ke-15, mencit dikorbankan dan heparnya diambil untuk pembuatan preparat (pengecatan HE). Kerusakan sel hepar diamati dengan menghitung jumlah inti sel yang mengalami piknosis, karioreksis, dan kariolisis. Data dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc LSD (α = 0,05).
Hasil : Jumlah sel yang paling banyak mengalami kerusakan terdapat pada kelompok K2 dan paling sedikit terdapat pada kelompok K1. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA yaitu  p < 0,05 (p = 0,00), sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc LSD. Hasil uji analisis Post Hoc LSD yaitu p = 0,00 (p < 0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada semua pasangan antarkelompok.
Simpulan : Pemberian ekstrak brokoli dapat memproteksi sel hepar mencit dari kerusakan akibat parasetamol. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak brokoli terbukti semakin meningkatkan efek proteksinya terhadap sel hepar.
Kata Kunci : ekstrak brokoli, parasetamol, kerusakan sel hepar
ABSTRACT
Background : Broccoli is known to contain antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonoids and sulforaphane. Antioxidants is supposed to protect the liver from damage caused by free radicals. This study aims to prove that broccoli extract could protect liver cell from damage in mice induced by paracetamol and an increase in the dose of broccoli extract might enhance the effect of protection to liver cells damage in mice.
Methods : This study was an experimental laboratory with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 mice, divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. K1 was given aquadest, K2 was given paracetamol, KP1 was given the broccoli extract dose I, KP2 was given broccoli extract dose II and KP3 was given broccoli extract dose III. Broccoli extract administered orally with a gastric sonde for 14 days, while paracetamol is given on day 12, 13 and 14. On day 15, the mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for making preparations with HE staining. Damage to liver cells was observed by counting nuclei of cells undergoing pyknosis, karyorrexis and karyolysis. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD (α = 0.05).
Result : The most damaged liver cells were at K2 and the least damaged were at K1. One Way ANOVA test result was p = 0.00 (p < 0.05), so further analysis with LSD Post Hoc test was in order. Result of Post Hoc analysis test, namely LSD p = 0.00 (p <0 .05) showed a significant difference between groups on all pairs.
Conclusions : Broccoli extract protect liver cell from damage in mice induced by paracetamol. Increased doses of broccoli extract was proven to increase the protection effect on liver cells.
Keywords: broccoli extract, paracetamol, liver cell damage