ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil sampai saat ini masih tinggi. Frekuensi antenatalcare, ketaatan konsumsi besi dan polimorfisme gen matriptase-2 diketahui berpengaruh terhadap tingginya kejadian anemia. Anemia pada ibu hamil terjadi karena terjadi perubahan pada sistem hematopoietik dan metabolisme besi. Jalur hematopoietik kemungkinan berperan terhadap tingginya prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil. Pada ibu hamil eritropoiesis akan meningkat untuk mengimbangi peningkatan volume plasma tubuh. Respon perubahan fisiologis pada setiap ibu hamil berbeda. Ibu hamil yang tidak mampu mencukupi kebutuhan eritrositnya akan mengalami kegagalan adaptasi. Eritropoiesis dipengaruhi oleh hormon eritropoietin. Eritropoietin berperan meningkatkan proliferasi dan diferensiasi eritrosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar eritropoietin serum ibu hamil anemia dan tanpa anemia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang berkunjung di 4 Puskesmas di Boyolali yaitu Puskesmas Kemusu, Nogosari, Ampel dan Klego yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Didapatkan 30 subjek, 15 ibu hamil anemia dan 15 ibu hamil tanpa anemia. Tiap subjek diambil serum darahnya sebanyak 5cc kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan Hb dengan metode sianmethemoglobin, indeks eritrosit dan kadar eritropoietin dengan metode ELISA. Analisis statistik menggunakan independent t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95%.
Hasil: Perbedaan rerata kadar eritropoietin serum pada ibu hamil anemia 24,82 ± 8,05 mU/ml dan ibu hamil tanpa anemia 13,28 ± 1,60 mU/ml dengan p=0,000 (p<0,05).
Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan kadar eritropoietin serum ibu hamil anemia dan ibu hamil tanpa anemia. Ibu hamil anemia memiliki kadar eritropoietin lebih tinggi dibandingkan ibu hamil tanpa anemia.
Kata Kunci: Eritropoietin serum, Ibu Hamil, Anemia
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is still high. Some things known to affect the high incidences of anemia such as antenatalcare frequency, iron consumption and matriptase-2 gene polymorphisms. Anemia in pregnancy occurs due to changes in hematopoietic system and iron metabolism. The previous research about iron metabolism pathway had been found that it could not reduces the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Another pathway may be a cause of anemia in pregnant women is a hematopoietic pathway. Erythropoiesis in pregnant women will be increases due to the increase in plasma volume of the body. Erythropoiesis influenced by the erythropoietin hormone. Erythropoietin have a role to increase the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes. This study aims to determine the differences of erythropoietin serum in pregnant woman anemia and without anemia .
Methods : This research was analytic observational study with cross sectional approach in this study. The subjects were pregnant women who visited to the four health center in Boyolali, there were Kemusu, Nogosari, Ampel and Klego that meet the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The technique sampling that been used was purposive sampling.There were 30 subjects, those are 15 pregnant women with anemia and 15 pregnant women without anemia. 5 cc blood serum had been drawn from each subject and Hb examination with cyanmethemoglobin methods, erythrocyte indices and erythropoietin levels by ELISA. Statistical analysis using independent t-test with significance level of 95%.
Result : The differences in mean hemoglobin levels of pregnant women anemia is 9.927 ± 0.71 and pregnant women without anemia is 11.58 ± 0.69 (p<0.05). The differences of erythropoietin serum level in pregnant women anemia 24.82 ± 8.05 and pregnant women without anemia 13.28 ± 1.60 (p<0.05).
Conclusions : there are differences in maternal erythropoietin serum between pregnant women with anemia and pregnant women without anemia.
Keyword : Erythropoietin serum, pregnancy, Anemia
