ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pekerja industri kuku palsu berpotensi terpapar bahan kimia
yang dapat mengiritasi saluran pernapasan. Iritasi saluran pernapasan dapat
mempermudah terjadinya Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA). Karakteristik
pekerja dan perilaku pekerja mempengaruhi terjadinya ISPA pada pekerja.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pekerja dan
perilaku pekerja terpapar bahan kimia dengan gejala ISPA di industri kuku palsu
Purbalingga.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik
dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di industri kuku palsu
Purbalingga pada bulan November-Desember 2015 dengan sampel sebanyak 80
pekerja terdiri dari 48 pekerja bagian injection dan 32 pekerja bagian airbrush.
Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah karakteristik pekerja dan perilaku pekerja.
Karakteristik pekerja meliputi jenis kelamin, umur, bagian kerja, masa kerja, dan
lama bekerja. Perilaku pekerja meliputi perilaku penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri
(APD) berupa masker dan perilaku merokok. Variabel terikat penelitian ini adalah
gejala ISPA. Variabel moderator penelitian ini adalah paparan bahan kimia.
Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh
dianalisis dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan variabel yang
berpengaruh terhadap gejala ISPA adalah lama bekerja (p = 0,000; PR = 13,28)
dan umur (p = 0,001; PR = 10,53).
Simpulan Penelitian: Lama bekerja dan umur mempengaruhi gejala ISPA pada
pekerja terpapar bahan kimia di industri kuku palsu Purbalingga. Kekuatan
hubungan lama bekerja lebih besar dari umur.
Kata Kunci: Karakteristik pekerja, perilaku pekerja, paparan bahan kimia, gejala
ISPA
ABSTRACT
Background: Artifical nails industry workers are potentially exposed to
chemicals that can irritate the respiratory tract. Irritation of the respiratory tract
may facilitate the occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). Worker
characteristics and worker behaviors affect the occurrence of ARI. This research
aimed to know the association between characteristics and behaviors of workers
that exposed to chemicals with ARI symptoms in artificial nails industry of
Purbalingga.
Methods: This research was an observational analytic with cross-sectional
approach. The research was held in artificial nails industry of Purbalingga on
November-December 2015 with 80 samples of workers which consisted of 48
workers of injection department and 32 workers of airbrush department.
Independent variables of this research were worker characteristics and worker
behaviors. Worker characteristics included gender, age, department of work,
period of work, and length of work. Worker behaviors included behavior of the
use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as masks and smoking behavior.
Dependent variable of this research was ARI symptoms. Moderator variable of
this research was chemicals exposure. Data were collected using questionnaires.
Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that variables
that influence ARI symptoms were length of work (p = 0.000; PR = 13.28) and
age (p = 0.001; PR = 10.53).
Conclusions: Length of work and age influenced ARI symptoms of workers that
exposed to chemicals in artificial nails industry of Purbalingga. The strength of
the relationship of length of work was greater than age.
Keywords: Worker characteristics, worker behaviors, chemicals exposure, ARI
symptoms
