opi Thahara. T111808010. “KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN UNGKAPAN
MASKULINITAS EDWARD DAN JACOB DALAM NOVEL TWILIGHT
SAGA DENGAN PENDEKATAN APPRAISAL”. Dissertation. Promotor: Prof.
Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D. Co-Promotor I: Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed.,
M.A., Ph.D., dan Co-promotor II: Dr. Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S., M. Hum.
Doctor Degree of Linguistics Majoring in Translation, Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
This study has several objectives, namely identifying the type of
masculinity of the main character in the Twilight Saga novel series, identifying an
Appraisal system that reveals masculinity, analyzing the translation techniques
used in translating expressions of masculinity, identifying the impact of using
translation techniques on change and the quality of translation.
This research is a qualitative descriptive research with multiple case
studies based on translation products. The data sources of the research are
documents and informants with purposive sampling technique. The documents are
in the form of novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn and their
translations. The informants involved were translation experts, linguistic experts,
and raters. The research data are linguistic data and translation. The linguistic data
includes expressions of masculinity and Appraisal systems, while the translation
data includes translation techniques, shifts, and translation quality. Data were
analyzed by domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis.
The findings of this study indicate that expressions of masculinity are
portrayed both explicitly (inscribed) and implicitly (invoked). The results show
that the types of masculinity identified include physical, interpersonal,
intellectual, emotional, and sexual masculinity. These expressions are manifested
through the Appraisal System, which includes attitude (appreciation, judgement,
affect) and graduation (force, focus). Judgement is the most dominant attitude
type manifested in expressions of masculinity, both in Edward and Jacob. All
these expressions were translated using several translation techniques. The most
frequently used technique is standard equivalence. Discursive creation, reduction,
standard equivalence, modulation, explicitation, and deletion negatively
influenced the translation results, resulting in shifts. The types of shifts identified
include shifts in masculinity and the Appraisal System. These shifts resulted in the
translation quality not achieving a perfect score. The study finds that the
translation of masculinity in the Twilight Saga tetralogy follows a consistent
pattern, although it varies depending on the development of the story and
characters in each novel. This novelty contributes significantly to uncovering how
different translation techniques are used to handle expressions of masculinity that
are expressed explicitly and implicitly. Future research could develop translation
models for masculinity expressed as Inscribed and Invoked.
Keywords: Masculinity, Appraisal system, translation techniques, shifting,
translation quality