opi Thahara. T111808010. “KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN UNGKAPANMASKULINITAS EDWARD DAN JACOB DALAM NOVEL TWILIGHTSAGA DENGAN PENDEKATAN APPRAISAL”. Dissertation. Promotor: Prof.Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D. Co-Promotor I: Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed.,M.A., Ph.D., dan Co-promotor II: Dr. Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S., M. Hum.Doctor Degree of Linguistics Majoring in Translation, Faculty of CulturalSciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.This study has several objectives, namely identifying the type ofmasculinity of the main character in the Twilight Saga novel series, identifying anAppraisal system that reveals masculinity, analyzing the translation techniquesused in translating expressions of masculinity, identifying the impact of usingtranslation techniques on change and the quality of translation.This research is a qualitative descriptive research with multiple casestudies based on translation products. The data sources of the research aredocuments and informants with purposive sampling technique. The documents arein the form of novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn and theirtranslations. The informants involved were translation experts, linguistic experts,and raters. The research data are linguistic data and translation. The linguistic dataincludes expressions of masculinity and Appraisal systems, while the translationdata includes translation techniques, shifts, and translation quality. Data wereanalyzed by domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis.The findings of this study indicate that expressions of masculinity areportrayed both explicitly (inscribed) and implicitly (invoked). The results showthat the types of masculinity identified include physical, interpersonal,intellectual, emotional, and sexual masculinity. These expressions are manifestedthrough the Appraisal System, which includes attitude (appreciation, judgement,affect) and graduation (force, focus). Judgement is the most dominant attitudetype manifested in expressions of masculinity, both in Edward and Jacob. Allthese expressions were translated using several translation techniques. The mostfrequently used technique is standard equivalence. Discursive creation, reduction,standard equivalence, modulation, explicitation, and deletion negativelyinfluenced the translation results, resulting in shifts. The types of shifts identifiedinclude shifts in masculinity and the Appraisal System. These shifts resulted in thetranslation quality not achieving a perfect score. The study finds that thetranslation of masculinity in the Twilight Saga tetralogy follows a consistentpattern, although it varies depending on the development of the story andcharacters in each novel. This novelty contributes significantly to uncovering howdifferent translation techniques are used to handle expressions of masculinity thatare expressed explicitly and implicitly. Future research could develop translationmodels for masculinity expressed as Inscribed and Invoked.Keywords: Masculinity, Appraisal system, translation techniques, shifting,translation quality