ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan (1) kepribadian tokoh perempuan dalam novel, (2) pengarang melukiskan feminisme tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam novel, (3) kritik feminisme yang terkandung dalam novel , (4) ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam novel, (5) nilai pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan tidak terkait dengan tempat penelitian. Sumber data penelitian berupa sumber data primer, yaitu novel Bumi Manusia. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah pendataan, pencatatan, dan analisis dokumen. Uji validitas data melalui trianggulasi data, triangulasi metode, dan triangulasi teori. Teknik analisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif dan berupa kegiatan yang bergerak terus pada ketiga alur (reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan atau verifikasi) kegiatan proses penelitian.
Hasil penelitian meliputi: (1) Kepribadian tokoh perempuan dalam novel meliputi, tokoh Nyai Ontosoroh perempuan Jawa yang sabar, bijaksana, lemah lembut, mandiri, cerdas, tegas, dan kuat. Sarah si sulung dan Miriam si bungsu memiliki kepribadian yang kritis, cerdas, berpikir maju, dan berani mengungkapkan pendapat, Ibunda Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies Mellema, ibunda Minke, istri Trunodongso adalah perempuan Jawa yang baik, sabar, dan nrimo; (2) Pengarang melukiskan feminisme tokoh perempuan dalam novel adalah tokoh perempuan yang mengalami perlakuan feminisme adalah Nyai Ontosoroh yang mengalami pingitan dari sang ayah dan dijual oleh sang ayah menjadi budak Tuan Herman Mellema dan dijadikannya seorang Nyai, Annelies sebagai anak tidak mengenyam bangku pendidikan, mengalami perkosaan dan beban kerja ganda, Maiko, Sie-sie dan Min Hwa menjadi perempuan penghibur, mereka sering mengalami kekerasan saat melayani pelanggan juga dari majikannya, (3) Kritik feminisme dalam novel adalah kritik feminis sosialis dapat dilihat ketika Nyai Ontosoroh berhasil memimpin perusahaan milik Tuan Herman Mellema dan kepemilikan perusahaan diambil alih oleh Nyai. (4) Ketidakadilan Gender meliputi marginalisasi perempuan, subordunasi perempuan, stereotipe perempuan, kekerasan terhadap perempuan, dan beban kerja ganda terhadap perempuan; (5) Nilai pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Bumi Manusia adalah
karakter tanggung jawab, cinta tanah air, religius, toleransi, sersahabat/ komunikatif, kerja keras, mandiri, dan cinta damai.
Kata kunci: novel Bumi Manusia, Feminisme, Ketidakadilan Gender, nilai pendidikan.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe and explain (1) the personality of female characters in the novel, (2) authors portray feminism women figures in the novel, (3) feminist criticism contained in the novel, (4) gender inequalities experienced by women figures in the novel, (5) character education values contained in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
This study is a qualitative research study of literature and isn’t associated with the research. Sources of research data in the form of primary data sources, namely the novel Bumi Manusia. Data collection techniques used are content analysis, interpret the text to understand its contents. Test the validity of the data through triangulation theory. The data analysis technique used is interactive analysis that includes three components, namely data reduction, data presentation, and then the conclusion. Data reduction is always performed, if the conclusion is less, then the data collected back to seek support conclusions that have been developed as well as deepening the business of data.
Results of the study include: (1) Personality female characters in the novel include, Nyai Ontosoroh figure Javanese women who have properties that patient, wise, gentle, independent, intelligent, assertive, strong, and a note of resignation. Sarah the eldest and the youngest Miriam has a personality that is critical, intelligent, forward thinking, and the courage to express opinions. While Nyai Ontosoroh mother, Annelies Mellema, Minke's mother, wife Trunodongso is Javanese women obedient, patient, and a note of resignation; (2) authors portray feminism women figures in the novel, an overview of feminism in the novel, figure women who experienced treatment showed feminism is Nyai Ontosoroh, thirteen-year-old has experienced seclusion of the father and he was sold by his father being a slave master who makes a Herman Mellema, Nyai, Annelies as a child does not get an school education, rape and double workload, Maiko, Sie-sie and Min Hwa became comfort women, they are often subjected to violence while also serving customers of his employer, (3) feminist criticism contained in the novel, the analysis of socialist feminism is when Nyai Ontosoroh successfully led the company owned by Mr. Herman Mellema and ownership of the company was taken over by Nyai. (4) Gender Inequality include the marginalization of women,
the subordination of women, stereotypes of women, violence against women, and the double workload of women; (5) Educational value contained characters in the novel Bumi Manusia is a character of responsibility, love of the homeland, religious, tolerance, friendship / communicative, hard work, self, and peace.
Keywords: Bumi Manusia, Feminism, Gender Injustice, education value.