ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu penyakit kardiovaskuler yang sering terjadi adalah infark miokard. Di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, merokok adalah faktor risiko yang berpengaruh pada penyakit infark miokard. Banyak faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pajanan rokok bagi seseorang, seperti lama merokok, jumlah konsumsi rokok dan usia awal merokok. Namun di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan penelitian mengenai perilaku merokok tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan derajat berat merokok dilihat dari lama dan jumlah konsumsi rokok dengan kejadian infark miokard.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian yang dilaksanakan bersifat observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel merupakan pasien yang datang atau dirawat di Poliklinik atau Ruang Rawat Inap Jantung RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Variabel bebas yang diamati adalah status perokok yang didapatkan dari wawancara dan kuesioner, dan variabel terikat adalah status infark miokard yang didapatkan dari data rekam medik. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah uji regresi logistik dengan p = 0.05.
Hasil Penelitian : Jumlah anggota sampel infark miokard sebanyak 22 orang dan non infark miokard 22 orang. Sampel dengan status perokok ringan sebanyak 18 orang, perokok sedang sebanyak orang 15 orang dan perokok berat 11 orang. Rerata usia 56,55±8,76 dan rerata IMT 23,19±3,49. Hasil nilai p pada uji regresi logistik adalah 0,005 dan 0,037 (p < 0.05). Odds Ratio dalam penelitian ini adalah OR1 = 26 dan OR2= 11,43.
Simpulan Penelitian: Ada hubungan signifikan antara derajat berat merokok dengan kejadian infark miokard pada pasien RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Semakin tinggi derajat berat merokok seseorang semakin besar risiko terkena infark miokard.
Kata kunci: status perokok, derajat berat merokok, infark miokard
ABSTRACT
Bacground: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of the most common cardiovascular disease is myocardial infarction. In developing countries such as Indonesia, smoking is a risk factor that greatly affects on myocardial infarction disease. Many factors influence on the cigarette exposure, such as the longtime of smoking, cigarette consumption and the age of first time smoking. In Indonesia there isn’t much research for smoking habit. The research was done to know the relationship of the degree of smoking especially from the longtime of smoking and cigarette consumption and the myocardial infarction incidence.
Methods: The study was analytical observation by using cross sectional design. The subjects was patients who came or threatened in clinic and inpatient unit of cardiovascular unit Dr. Moewardi Hospital. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. The independent variable was smoker status that was obtained by interview and questionnaire and the dependent variable was the myocardial infarction status that was obtained by medical record of the subjects. The analytic technique used logistic regression test with p value = 0.05.
Results: The total number of myocardial infarction patients was 22 and non myocardial infarction was 22. Subjects with light smokers were 18 and moderate smokers were 15 and heavy smokers were 11. Mean of subject’s age was 56.55±8.76 and BMI was 23.19±3.49. Result of p value of logistic regression test was 0.005 and 0.037 (p < 0.05). The odds ratio in this research were OR1 = 26 and OR2= 11.43.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is significant relationship between the degree of smoking with myocardial infarction incident in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. The risk of myocardial infarction increase in the higher of degree of smoking.
Key words: smoker status, degree of smoking, myocardial infarction