ABSTRAK
Salak sebagai komoditas buah unggulan memerlukan penerapan sistem manajemen mutu produk diataranya melalui pengendalian dan pengawasan mutu untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen akan produk berkualitas. Pengendalian mutu salak dapat dilakukan melalui proses Good Handling Practices (GHP) untuk mempertahankan mutu buah agar dapat diterima pasar terutama pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan GHP yang telah dilakukan petani, batas toleransi penyimpangan mutu salak Pondoh Kabupaten Sleman, penyebab masalah, dan akar pemasalahan utama pada salak Pondoh Kabupaten Sleman setelah melalui tahapan GHP. Alat analisis yang digunakan meliputi check list, grafik kendali-p, pareto dan fishbone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani salak Pondoh sudah melaksanakan teknologi pascapanen sesuai GHP namun belum optimal. Pencatatan menjadi kendala utama dalam penerapan GHP. Berdasarkan hasil analisis grafik kendali-p, rata-rata proporsi buah salak cacat adalah 0,24 dengan batas atas toleransi penyimpangan mutu sebesar 0,47. Terdapat 3 (tiga) titik yang berada diatas batas atas sehingga tidak memenuhi standar kelayakan. Berdasarkan analisis Pareto, permasalahan utama salak gagal ekspor adalah kulit buah terkelupas, buah busuk dan buah tergores. Berdasarkan analisis fishbone, penyebab permasalahan adalah pelaksanaan tahapan GHP yang belum optimal baik dalam hal pemanenan, pembersihan, sortasi dan pengangkutan; penggunaan alat yang kurang sesuai serta kondisi kebun yang terlalu kering. Rekomendasi perbaikan harus dilakukan secara menyeluruh baik dari petani, kelompok tani, asosiasi maupun petugas dan PPL setempat yaitu melalui perbaikan penerapan GHP, sosialisasi dan pelatihan GHP serta fasilitasi sarana dan prasarana pascapanen.
Kata kunci: salak Pondoh, GHP, grafik kendali-p, pareto, fishbone
ABSTRACT
Zalacca as a superior fruit commodity requires the application of quality guarantee system to meet the consumers’ demand for high-quality product. Zalacca quality control can be conducted through Good Handling Practices (GHP) to maintain the quality of fruit in order to be acceptable to market especially global market. This research aimed to find out the application of GHP the farmers have conducted, quality deviation tolerance limit of Salak Pondoh (Salacca Zalacca Var. Pondoh) in Sleman Regency, cause of problem, and main problem root of Salak Pondoh (Salacca Zalacca Var. Pondoh) in Sleman Regency having passed through GHP. The analysis instrument employed included check list, control-p, pareto and fishbone charts. The result of research showed that Salak Pondoh (Salacca Zalacca Var. Pondoh) farmer had implemented post-harvest technology consistent with GHP despite less optimality. Documentation or recording became main constraint in then application of GHP. Considering the result of control-p chart analysis, the average proportion of defect zalacca was 0.24 with upper limit of quality deviation tolerance of 0.47. There were 3 (three) points lying on the upper limit so that it did not meet the feasibility standard. Considering the Pareto analysis, the main problems with the export-failed zalacca were removed peel, spoiled fruit, and scratched fruit. Considering the fishbone analysis, the main causes were the less optimal implementation of GHP in the terms of harvesting, cleaning, sorting, and transportation; the less appropriate instrument use and too dry condition of garden. The recommendation given was that the improvement should be made comprehensively among the farmers, farmer group, association or local officer and PPL (illuminator), through GHP application, socialization, training and infrastructure facilitation.
Keywords: Zalacca, GHP, control-p, pareto, fishbone charts.