INTISARI
Beras merupakan komoditas utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Akan tetapi
ketersediaan beras di Indonesia tidak sesuai dengan peningkatan permintaan dari
masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan
menganekaragamkan makanan pokok sehingga kebutuhan masyarakat dapat
tercukupi. Nasi tiruan instan ini merupakan contoh hasil modifikasi pengolahan
umbi-umbian yang menyerupai nasi dengan kelebihan waktu penyajian yang lebih
cepat dibanding nasi biasa.
Ubi jalar ungu dipilih sebagai bahan baku pembuatan nasi tiruan instan
karena memiliki kandungan senyawa antioksidan paling komplek. Ubi jalar ungu
memiliki kandungan gizi dan nilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi dibanding beras
apabila diolah dengan baik.
Proses pembuatan nasi tiruan instan dari ubi jalar ungu melalui tahap
pemilihan ubi jalar yang tidak cacat (boleng), pencucian, pengukusan, pengupasan
kulit dan pemotongan, pelumatan dengan penambahan air proses sebanyak 0,189
L/kg produk, penambahan tepung terigu sebanyak 0,781 kg/kg Produk, dengan
rasio penambahan pasta ubi jalar ungu dan tepung terigu 1:1 ,kemudian dilakukan
pengecilan ukuran dengan pemotongan, pengukusan selama 25 menit, dan
pengeringan dengan oven selama 2,5 jam dengan suhu ±60oC sampai kadar air
±10% . Pengemasan produk dikemas dalam aluminium foil dengan isi kemasan
250 gram dimana kebutuhan ubi jalar ungu sebanyak 0,630 kg/kg produk.
Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan bahwa nasi tiruan instan dari ubi jalar
memiliki kadar air 10,02% (bb), mineral 2,18% (bb), lemak 2,15% (bb), protein
8,05% (bb), dan karbohidrat 77,60% (bb). Daya penerimaan produk diketahui
dengan uji organoleptik berdasarkan tanggapan responden terhadap rasa, bau,
aroma, tekstur. Hasil organoleptik menunjukkan persentase pilihan suka berturutturut:
aroma 78,57%, rasa 67,86%, tekstur 60,72%, dan warna 57,15%.
Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi yang telah dikalkulasi, pembuatan nasi tiruan instan
dapat memberikan laba sebesar Rp. 458,193/ kemasan (250 gram) pada skala
produksi 50 kg berat kering produk per 2 hari (200 kemasan per produksi), dengan
jangka waktu pengembalian modal selama 0,455 tahun.
ABSTRACT
Rice is the main commodity for Indonesian people. However, the
availability of rice in Indonesia is not in accordance with the increasing demand
from the public. One attempt to solve the problem is by diversifying food staple
so that community needs can be met. Instant imitation rice are examples of
modified processing tubers that resemble rice with excess presentation time faster
than ordinary rice.
Purple sweet potato was chosen as raw material for the manufacture of
imitation instant rice because it contains antioxidant compounds most complex.
Purple sweet potato contains nutrients and a higher economic value than rice, if
processed properly.
The processes of making an instant rice from purple sweet potato are
through the selection phase that no defect (reject), washing, steaming, peeling and
cutting the skin, digestion with the addition of process water as much as 0.189 L /
kg of the product, adding flour as much as 0,781 kg / kg products, with the
addition of pasta ratio purple sweet potato and wheat flour 1: 1, then made size
reduction by cutting, steaming for 25 minutes, and drying in an oven for 2.5 hours
at a temperature of ± 60 ° to ± 10% moisture content. Products were packed in
aluminum foil with a 250 gram package contents purple sweet potato which needs
as much as 0.630 kg / kg of product.
The test results showed that the rice mock proximate instant of sweet
potato has a moisture content of 10.02% (bb), mineral 2.18% (bb), fat 2.15% (bb),
protein 8.05% (bb), and carbohydrates 77.60% (bb). The receptivity of the
products known by the organoleptic test by respondents to the taste, smell, aroma,
texture. Organoleptic results show the percentage of choice like a row: the scent
of 78.57%, 67.86% flavor, texture 60.72%, 57.15% and color. Based on economic
analysis has been calculated, the manufacture of imitation instant rice can provide
a profit of Rp. 458.193 / packaging (250 grams) on the scale of production of 50
kg of dry weight of product per 2 days (200 packs per production), with a payback
period of over 0,455 years.