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Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis politik hukum pengaturan administrasi kependudukan di Indonesia, menemukan politik hukum yang terkandung dalam pengaturan administrasi kependudukan dalam memberikan pemenuhan hak penduduk, serta menemukan pengaturan teknis yang seharusnya dibentuk guna memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak penduduk dalam administrasi kependudukan.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan historis. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian menggunakan teknik riset kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif dengan logika deduksi yang menghasilkan deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian ini pertama, politik hukum administrasi kependudukan di Indonesia telah mengubah produk hukum yang diskriminatif menjadi non diskriminatif, komprehensif serta memberikan payung hukum penggunaan teknologi informasi. Politik hukum undang-undang administrasi kependudukan memenuhi indikator hukum responsif, yaitu partisipatif dan aspiratif, namun indikator memberi peluang pemerintah membuat penafsiran masih belum terpenuhi. Kedua, perlindungan hukum hak-hak penduduk terpenuhi kecuali hak mendapatkan ganti rugi dan pemulihan nama baik sebagai akibat kesalahan dalam pendaftaran penduduk dan pencatatan sipil. Ketiga, upaya pemenuhan hak penduduk harus dilakukan pengaturan yang bersifat supel, terprogram, terencana, kemudahan dan kesederhanaan akses pelayanan, keharmonisan dengan peraturan lain, serta kejelasan sanksi administrasi bagi petugas yang menyalahgunakan kewenangan.
Saran penelitian ini pertama, pengaturan administrasi kependudukan hendaknya diperjelas dan diperinci sehingga menutup kesempatan bagi pemerintah melakukan penafsiran sendiri. Kedua, DPR dan Kementrian Dalam Negeri lebih menguatkan pengaturan menyangkut hak penduduk. Ketiga, Pemerintah perlu melakukan kajian sosiologis dalam pembentukan peraturan pelaksanaan administrasi kependudukan. Keempat, Presiden dan/atau Kementrian Dalam Negeri segera menetapkan peraturan pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013.
Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Hak Penduduk.
ABSTRACK
Legal Protection of Population Rights in Population Administration (A Study on Politics of Law of Population Administration in Indonesia). Thesis: Graduate School of Legal Studies, Sebelas Maret University- Surakarta.
This study aims to analyze the politics of law governing population administration in Indonesia, to reveal the politics of law within the regulation of population administration particularly in providing rights, as well as to find out the technical regulation that ought to be established in order to provide legal protection on rights of people in terms of population administration.
This study is a normative legal research with act and historical approaches. Data were collected by means of bibliographical study. The data were then analyzed by using qualitative – deductive analysis to yield a descriptive scrutiny.
Results of this study showed that first, politics of law toward population administration in Indonesia has altered some discriminative legal products to be non-discriminative ones. They seemed to be comprehensive and as such, they provide legal basic for applying information technology. The politics of law on population administration meets responsive legal indicator, i.e. participatory and aspirational. Nevertheless the opportunity for government to make discrete interpretation has not been met. Secondly, the legal protection on people’s rights were met excluded the rights for obtaining compensation and rehabilitation as a result of errors in population administration and civil registration. Third, efforts to comply with rights should be carried out as adaptable, programmed and planned. They should guarantee the easy and simple access to administrative service, in accordance to other regulations, and clarity of administrative sanctions for officers abusing the authority.
This study suggested that first, regulations on population administration should be clarified and specified to minimize occasion of the government to falsify their interpretation. Second, the Parliament and Ministry of Internal Affairs should consolidate regulations regarding rights of people. Third, the government ought to conduct sociological study on account of establisment of implementing regulation of population administration. Fourth, the President and/ or Minister of Internal Affairs should immediately establish regulation to implement the Act No. 24 of 2013.
Keywords: legal protection, rights of people.