ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2013 prevalensi stunting mencapai 37,2%. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Malang Tahun 2012 prevalensi gizi kurang pada anak balita di Kecamatan Bululawang sebesar 5,49% dan stunting sebesar 25,9%. Defisiensi Zinc dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan secara linier dan apabila kebutuhan Zinc dalam tubuh anak tidak terpenuhi maka prevalensi kejadian stunting diperkirakan akan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor kejadian stunting dan kadar Zinc rambut anak sekolah dasar (kasus pada anak SD kurang gizi di Kecamatan Bululawang Kabupaten Malang)
Metode : Jenis observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi anak SD/MI kelas 1 dan 2 sebanyak 807. Anak SD kurang gizi di Kecamatan Bululawang sebanyak 90 anak. Subjek diambil secara purposive sampling yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 46 anak kurang gizi dengan stunting dan 44 anak kurang gizi tidak stunting. Pengukuran status gizi menurut BB/U dan TB/U menggunakan WHO Antropometri 2007 dan pemeriksaan kadar Zinc rambut dilakukan di Balai Besar Laboratorium Surabaya. Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor  kejadian stunting dan kadar Zinc rambut anak digunakan uji Chi Square dan Odds Ratio dengan SPSS 22.
Hasil : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pendidikan ayah (p=0,002) dan pendidikan ibu (p=0,009), tingkat konsumsi dan pola makan sumber Zinc (p=0,037) pada kejadian kasus anak sekolah dasar kurang gizi dengan stunting dan tidak stunting. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan kadar Zinc rambut (p=0,000) pada kejadian kasus anak sekolah dasar kurang gizi dengan stunting dan tidak stunting. Kadar Zinc rambut yang defisit mempunyai risiko sebesar 116,286 kali dapat mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan yang mempunyai kadar Zinc rambut baik.
Simpulan : Pendidikan orang tua dan kadar Zinc rambut memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian kasus anak sekolah dasar kurang gizi dengan stunting dan tidak stunting di Kecamatan Bululawang Kabupaten Malang.
Kata Kunci : Stunting, kurang gizi, pendidikan orang tua, kadar Zinc rambut
ABSTRACT
Background: Based on the result of Basic Health Research in 2013, the prevalence of stunting reached the percentage of 37.2%. Based on the data of the Health Office of Malang Regency in 2012, the prevalence of malnutrition of the toddlers in Bululawang Sub-district was 5.49% and that of stunting was 25.9%. The Zinc deficiency may lead to linear growth disorders, and when the Zinc levels of the students are not fulfilled, the prevalence of stunting episode is predicted to increase. The objective of this research is to analyze the correlation between the stunting episode factors and the hair’s Zinc level of Primary School students (a case of malnourished primary school students in Bululawang sub-district, Malang regency)
Method: This research used the observational analytical method with the cross-sectional design. Its population was the students as many as 807 in Grades I and II of Primary Schools/Islamic Primary Schools in Bululawang Sub-district, Malang Regency. They consisted of 90 students suffering from the malnutrition in Bululawang Sub-district. The samples were divided into two groups, namely: 46 in the group of malnourished stunting students, and the rest in the group of malnourished non-stunting students. The nutrition status was measured using the formula of Weight/Age and Height/Age according to the WHO Anthropometry 2007. The examination of the hair’s Zinc level was conducted at Center for Laboratory of Surabaya. The correlation between the stunting episode factors and the hair’s Zinc levels of Primary School students in Bululawang Sub-district, Malang Regency was investigated by using the Chi Square test and Odds Ratio aided with the computer program of SPSS 22.
Result: There was a significant correlation of the fathers’ education level (p=0,002), the mother’s education level (p=0,009), and the consumption level and eating pattern of Zinc food resources (p=0,037) to the malnutrition episodes in the Primary School students with the stunting and the non-stunting. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the hair Zinc level (p=0,000) and the malnutrition episodes in the Primary School students with the stunting and the non-stunting. The hair with deficit Zinc level had the risk of 116,286 times greater to experience the stunting than the hair with normal Zinc level.
Conclusion: The parents’ education levels and the hair’s Zinc levels have a significant correlation with the malnutrition episodes in the Primary School students with the stunting and the non-stunting in Bululawang Sub-district, Malang Regency.
Keywords: Stunting, malnourished, parents’ education levels, hair Zinc level