ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pertumbuhan Janin Terhambat merupakan masalah penting dalam
dunia kedokteran karena berkaitan dengan peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas neonatal.
Prevalensi PJT di dunia adalah 6 kali lebih tinggi di negara berkembang, 75% di antaranya
berada di Asia. Human Leucocyte Antigen-C (HLA-C) dan sel NK diduga memegang
peranan penting terhadap proses pertumbuhan janin terhambat.
Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui etiopatogenesis ekspresi HLA-C dan sel NK
pada pertumbuhan janin terhambat.
Metode Penelitian: Observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional.
Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juni-Juli 2015 di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Dr.
Moewardi, RS Jejaring, dan Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 40 pasien,
terdiri dari 20 pasien kehamilan normal dan 20 pasien kehamilan dengan pertumbuhan janin
terhambat. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan pemeriksaan
ekspresi HLA-C dan sel NK di trofoblas dengan metode imunohistokimia dan dilakukan
analisis statistik dengan uji t.
Hasil: Rerata ekspresi HLA-C di trofoblas pada kelompok kehamilan dengan
pertumbuhan janin terhambat 9.02 + 1.30, dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal 7.96 +
0.97, didapatkan nilai p=0.006 (p<0.05). Rerata ekspresi sel NK di trofoblas pada kehamilan
dengan pertumbuhan janin terhambat 10.59 + 2.11 dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal
8.18 + 0.91, didapatkan nilai p=0.00 (p<0.05).
Kesimpulan: Ekspresi HLA-C dan Sel NK di trofoblas kehamilan dengan
pertumbuhan janin terhambat lebih tinggi dibandingkan kehamilan normal.
Kata Kunci: HLA-C, Sel NK, Pertumbuhan Janin Terhambat, Kehamilan Normal
ABSTRACT
Background: Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) as an important issue in
medicine because it is associated with increased mortality and neonatal morbidity. Prevalence
of IUGR in the world is 6 times higher in developing countries, 75% of which are in Asia.
Human Leukocyte Antigen-C (HLA-C) and NK cells are believed to play an important role in
the IUGR process.
Objective: To investigate etiopatogenesis HLA-C and NK cell expression on Intra
Uterine Growth Restriction.
Methods: This is an analytic observasional study with cross sectional approach. The
study was conducted between June-July 2015 at the obstetric and gynecology department of
Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Hospital Alliances, and Pathological Anatomy Laboratory of
Medical Faculty Sebelas Maret University. This study was performed on 40 patients, divided
to 2 groups consisting of 20 normal pregnant patients and 20 pregnant patients with Intra
Uterine Growth Restriction. We did the immunohistochemistry method examination of HLAC
and NK cell in trophoblast of all samples from both groups. The statistical analysis
conducted by t-test.
Results: The mean expression of HLA-C in the trophoblast Intra Uterine Growth
Restriction group 9.02 + 1.30, with comparison normal pregnacies group 7.96 + 0.97, in
getting the value of p=0.006 (p<0.05). The mean expression of NK cell in the trophoblast
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction grup 10.59 + 2.11 with comparison normal pregnancies
group 8.18 + 0.91, in getting the value p=0.00 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Expression of HLA-C and NK cell in trophoblast Intra Uterine Growth
Restriction is higher than in trophoblast normal pregnancies.
Key Words: HLA-C, NK cell, Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Normal Pregnancies