Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Picky eater merupakan salah satu gangguan makan yang terjadi
pada tiga tahun pertama kehidupan, ditandai dengan secara konsisten menolak
makanan tertentu secara rasa, tekstur, tempertatur atau bau. Terdapat beberapa
faktor penyebab picky eater, salah satunya adalah menyusui. Anak yang diberikan
ASI cenderung tidak akan terjadi picky eater karena merasakan berbagai macam
rasa melalui ASI.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini pada 100 anak usia 1-3 tahun pada yang
mempunyai keluhan sulit makan, dilakukan pada bulan Febuary sampai dengan
April 2012 di salah satu praktek swasta Surakarta. Kuesioner diberikan untuk
menentukan faktor yang berhubungan dengan picky eater dan riwayat nutrisi (0-6
bulan). Chi square digunakan untuk menilai faktor yang mempengaruhi picky
eater. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 17.
Hasil : Dari 100 subyek yang melengkapi kuesioner, didapatkan 8% anak susu
formula dan 38% anak ASI eksklusif dengan prevalensi picky eater sebanyak
30%. Tidak ada faktor yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku picky eater
berikut hasil secara berurutan : jenis kelamin (p = 0,33), waktu pemberian
makanan padat pertama (p = 0,85) dan jenis susu (p = 0,43).
Kesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian
picky eater pada anak usia 1-3 tahun di Surakarta.
Kata kunci : picky eater, ASI eksklusif, susu formula
Abstract
Background Picky eater is one of the most common feeding disorders during the
first 3 years of life, whereas they consistently refuse certain foods because of the
texture, taste, or smell. There are many factors affect the development of picky
eater, one of those factors is breast feeding. Breast-fed children are less picky
because they have exposed to a diversity of flavors via breast milk early in life.
Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 100 children age 1-3 years old
who had feeding difficulty from February to April 2012 at private clinic in
Surakarta. The special questionnaire were distributed for determining the
associated factors with picky eater and nutritional history (0-6 month). Chi square
test was used to analyze picky eater status and associated factors. Statistical
analysis were performed by using SPSS version 17.00.
Results A total of 100 subjects completed a questionnaire. Subjects were 8%
formula-fed and 38% were breast-fed, the remainders were combined fed. Of
these subjects 30% were picky eater. There were no significant factors which
influenced the picky eater (sex p=0.33; the age of first complementary food
introduction p=0.85; milk type p=0,43).
Conclusions These finding indicate that exclusively breast-fed was not
significantly correlated with picky eater in children.
Keywords: picky eater, exclusively breast-fed, formula-fed