ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) berhubungan dengan
Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) yang merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian
utama di dunia. Buncis mengandung flavonoid, phytosterol, saponin, niasin,
vitamin C, dan serat yang memiliki efek hipolipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak buncis terhadap kadar kolesterol LDL tikus
putih model hiperkolesterolemia.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain the posttest
only control group design, dilakukan di Laboratorium Histologi Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret. Sampel sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih
(Rattus norvegicus), jantan, galur Wistar. Kelompok Kontrol (KK) diberi pelet dan
akuades selama 28 hari. Kelompok Perlakuan 1–4 (KP1-4) diberi kuning telur bebek
5 gram/200 gram BB tikus putih/hari dan PTU 0,01% selama 28 hari. Hari ke 15 –
28, KP2 diberi simvastatin 0,72 mg/200 gram BB tikus putih/hari, KP3 diberi
ekstrak buncis 100 mg/200 gram BB tikus putih/hari dan KP4 diberi ekstrak buncis
150 mg/200 gram BB tikus putih/hari. Data kadar kolesterol LDL dianalisis dengan
uji One-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Test.
Hasil: Hasil pengukuran kadar kolesterol LDL didapatkan nilai rerata pada KK =
33.83 ± 14.442 mg/dl, KP1 = 54.00 ± 27.943 mg/dl, KP2 = 18.83 ± 7.672 mg/dl,
KP3 = 77.33 ± 20.954 mg/dl dan KP4 = 80.17 ± 31.923 mg/dl. Analisis statistik
dengan menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang
signifikan antara kelima kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai p = 0.000 (p < 0.05).
Post Hoc Test menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara KP1 – KP2 dengan
nilai p = 0.011 (p < 0.05) serta perbedaan yang tidak signifikan antara KK – KP1
dengan nilai p = 0.129, KP1 – KP3 dengan nilai p = 0.081, dan KP1 – KP4 dengan
nilai p = 0.052 (p > 0.05).
Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tidak terbukti
menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) model
hiperkolesterolemia.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak buncis, LDL, Rattus norvegicus, hiperkolesterolemia.
ABSTRACT
Background: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol related with Coronary
Heart Disease (CHD) which is the most common death cause in the world. Beans
contains flavonoid, phytosterol, saponin, niasin, vitamin C, and fiber which have
hypolipidemic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of beans extract to
the LDL cholesterol level in white rats hypercholesterolemia model.
Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research using the posttest only
control group design, that have done in Histology Laboratorium of Sebelas Maret
University Surakarta. Samples of research were 30 male white rats, Wistar strain.
Control Group (KK) was given pellets and aquades for 28 days. Group 1 until 4
(KP1-4) were given duck egg yolk 5 gram/200 gram BW white rat/day and PTU
0,01% for 28 days. On days 15-28, Group 2 (KP2) was given simvastatin 0,72
mg/200 gram BW white rat/day, Group 3 was (KP3) given beans extract 100 mg/200
gram BW white rat/day, and Group 4 (KP4) was given beans extract 150 mg/200
gram BW white rat/day. The datas of LDL cholesterol level were analyzed with
One-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test.
Results: Result of this study shows that LDL cholesterol levels of KK = 33.83 ±
14.442 mg/dl, KP1 = 54.00 ± 27.943 mg/dl, KP2 = 18.83 ± 7.672 mg/dl, KP3 = 77.33
± 20.954 mg/dl and KP4 = 80.17 ± 31.923 mg/dl. The statistical analysis with Oneway
ANOVA shows a significant difference in LDL cholesterol level among the
five groups of treatment with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Test shows a significant
difference in LDL cholesterol level between KP1 – KP2 with p = 0.011 (p < 0.05)
and non significant difference in LDL cholesterol level between KK – KP1 with p
= 0.129, KP1 – KP3 with p = 0.081, and KP1 – KP4 with p = 0.052 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The beans extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) does not give any effect to
the decrease of LDL cholesterol level in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
hypercholesterolemia model.
Keywords: Beans extract, LDL, Rattus norvegicus, hypercholesterolemia.