ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Stres oksidatif mempunyai peran dalam berbagai penyakit ginjal seperti penyakit ginjal kronik, gagal ginjal kronik, dan percepatan perkembangan cedera pada ginjal. Stres oksidatif dapat disebabkan karena masuknya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh melalui makanan yang digoreng dengan minyak jelantah. Buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) mengandung berbagai macam antioksidan, seperti flavonoid, saponin triterpenoid, vitamin A, dan vitamin C yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh dalam melindungi kerusakan struktur histologis sel ginjal mencit akibat paparan minyak jelantah dan pengaruh peningkatan dosis dalam melindungi kerusakan struktur histologis sel ginjal mencit.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan post test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Histologi FK UNS. Sampel berupa mencit Swiss webster jantan, usia 2-3 bulan, berat badan ± 20 gram. Sampel sebanyak 30 ekor yang diperoleh secara incidental sampling, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok secara random, masing-masing terdiri dari 6 mencit. Kelompok Kontrol Normal (KKn) diberi akuades, Kelompok Kontrol Negatif (KK(-)) hanya diberi minyak jelantah. Kelompok Perlakuan 1 (KP1), Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (KP2), Kelompok Perlakuan 3 (KP3) secara berturut – turut diberi ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh dengan dosis 5,6 mg; 11,2 mg; 22,4 mg serta diberi paparan minyak jelantah selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Pada hari ke-15 mencit dikorbankan kemudian diambil ginjal kanan dan kirinya dan dibuat preparat dengan pengecatan HE. Kerusakan sel ginjal diamati dengan menghitung jumlah inti sel epitel tubulus proksimal ginjal yang mengalami piknosis, karioreksis, dan kariolisis dari tiap 50 sel ginjal mencit. Data dianalisis dengan uji One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons berupa uji LSD (α=0,05).
Hasil: Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara 5 kelompok. Hasil uji LSD yaitu p < 0,05 dan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara KKn-KK(-), KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, dan KP2-KP3.
Simpulan: Buah belimbing wuluh berpengaruh dalam melindungi kerusakan struktur histologis ginjal mencit akibat paparan minyak jelantah dan pengaruh ini sebanding dengan peningkatan dosis yang diberikan.
Kata kunci: Averrhoa bilimbi L., minyak jelantah, kerusakan histologis sel ginjal
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Oxidative stress has a role in various kidney diseases, such as chronic renal disease, chronic renal injury, and renal injury acceleration. Oxidative stress can be caused by the influx of free radicals into the human body through food that fried using reheated palm oil. Bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) contains antioxidants, such as flavonoid, saponin triterpenoid, vitamin A, and vitamin C that have the ability to neutralize free radicals. This research aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of bilimbi fruit extract on renal cells histological structure damage induced by reheated palm oil and protection effect of increasing extract dose. Methods: This was experimental laboratory research with post test only control group design. This research was done in Histology Laboratory of UNS Medical Faculty. Samples were Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old age and ± 20 g of each weight. Samples were 30 mice and obtained by incidental sampling. Samples divided randomly into five groups, each group has six mice. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water only. The exposure control group (KK(-)) was given reheated palm oil only. The first treatment group (KP1), the second treatmen group (KP2), the third treatment group (KP3) was given bilimbi fruit extract with the dose of 5,6 mg; 11,2 mg; 22,4 mg respectively and induced by re-heated palm oil for 14 days. At the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and ren were taken for preparation with HE staining. Renal cells damage was identified by counting the nucleus of proximal tubules cell that picnosis, karryorhexis, and karyolysis from 50 proximal tubules cells. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (α=0,05). Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between 5 groups. Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD results are p<0,05 and there were significant differences between KKn-KK(-), KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusions: Bilimbi fruit extract has nephroprotective effect on histological structural damage of mice’s ren cells that were induced by re-heated palm oil in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L., re-heated palm oil, renal cells histologic damage