ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, salah satunya yang mempengaruhi secara langsung adalah infeksi. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut sering terjadi pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun dan sering terulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi berulangnya ISPA terhadap status gizi balita.
Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Penelitian dilaksanakan di beberapa Posyandu Kelurahan Jebres, Jebres, Surakarta pada November 2015. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan menggunakan 67 sampel, yaitu 30 balita yang sering terkena ISPA (case) dan 37 balita yang jarang terkena ISPA (control). Status gizi ditentukan dengan indeks BB/U, TB/U dan BB/TB. Data frekuensi berulangnya ISPA didapat dari kuesioner yang diisi oleh ibu. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan SPSS for Windows 18.0 dan dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan untuk menganalisis status gizi  pada nilai signifikansi α = 0,05.
Hasil Penelitian : Balita yang jarang terkena ISPA memiliki rata-rata z-score indeks BB/U -0,61 SD; TB/U -0,86 SD; dan BB/TB -0,20 SD. Sedangkan Balita yang sering terkena ISPA memiliki rata-rata z-score indeks BB/U -1,12 SD; TB/U -1,49 SD; dan BB/TB -0,33 SD. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara frekuensi berulangnya ISPA dengan indeks BB/U (p = 0,017) dan dengan indeks TB/U (p = 0,008). Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara frekuensi berulangnya ISPA dengan indeks BB/TB (p = 0,630).
Simpulan Penelitian : Frekuensi berulangnya ISPA memiliki hubungan dengan indeks status gizi BB/U dan TB/U namun tidak dengan indeks BB/TB.
Kata kunci : ISPA berulang, status gizi
ABSTRACT
Background: Nutritional status was affected by many factors. Infection was one of the factor that affected nutritional status directly. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) more prevalent among under five years old children and possibly to be a Recurent Respiratory Infection (RRI). The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between frequency of Recurrent Respiratory Infection and the nutritional status of children under five years old.
Methods : This research was an observational analytic study with case control approach. This research was conducted at Posyandu of Jebres Village, Jebres, Surakarta, on November 2015. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling technique using 67 samples, 30 childrens with frequently RRI as case and 37 childrens with infrequently RRI as control. The nutritional status was determined by W/A, H/A, and W/H index. Data of RRI frequency was acquired from mothers using a questionnaire. The data was processed using SPSS for Windows 18.0 and were analyzed by independent t  test to analyze the difference of nutrional status at significance level of α = 0.05.
Results : The mean of z-score from childrens with infrequently RRI was -0,61 SD for W/A; -0,86 SD for H/A; and -0,20 SD for W/H. Then, the mean of z-score from children with frequently RRI was -1,12 SD for W/A; -1,49 SD for H/A; and -0,33 SD for W/H. The result of this study showed that there was significant relationship between RRI frequency with W/A index (p = 0,017) and H/A index (p = 0,008). There was no significant difference between RRI frequency and W/H index (p = 0,630).
Conclusion : There is a relationship between Recurrent Respiratory Infection (RRI) frequency and the W/A and H/A index of nutritonal status, but W/H index is not.
Key words : Recurrent Respiratory Infection (RRI), nutritional status