ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Saat ini anestesi inhalasi banyak digunakan sebagai pilihan anestesi karena cukup aman dan konsentrasinya dapat dikendalikan melalui mesin. Sevofluran dan isofluran merupakan dua agen inhalasi yang sering digunakan sebagai maintenance anestesi umum selama operasi dan keduanya memengaruhi pulih sadar pasien. Pasca operasi, pasien perlu mendapatkan pengawasan di ruang pulih sadar sampai keadaan umum pasien kembali stabil. Pulih sadar merupakan hal yang penting, pulih sadar penuh yang cepat dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi yang kemungkinan akan terjadi apabila pasien mengalami pulih sadar tidak penuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan waktu pulih sadar antara penggunaan anestesi inhalasi sevofluran dan isofluran.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dengan anestesi inhalasi sevofluran dan isofluran sebagai variabel bebas dan waktu pulih sadar sebagai variabel terikat. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien yang menjalani operasi dengan menggunakan anestesi inhalasi di Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) yang diambil dengan teknik pengumpulan data quota sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penilaian pulih sadar pasien menggunakan Aldrete score setelah pasien selesai ekstubasi dan selesai operasi yang dibawa ke Recovery Room. Total 30 sampel yang didapatkan memenuhi kriteria inklusi akan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok isofluran dan kelompok sevofluran. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square dengan software IBM SPSS 22.0
Hasil Penelitian: Pada penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 11 dari 15 pasien pengguna sevofluran mengalami pulih sadar penuh dan 4 dari 15 pasien pengguna isofluran mengalami pulih sadar penuh. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan nilai p = 0.028 (< 0.05), dengan demikian terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada waktu pulih sadar antara penggunaaan anestesi inhalasi sevofluran dan isofluran.
Simpulan Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna waktu pulih sadar antara penggunaan anestesi inhalasi sevofluran dan isofluran.
Kata Kunci: waktu pulih sadar; anestesi inhalasi; sevofluran; isofluran
ABSTRACT
Background: Nowadays, inhaled anesthetics are frequently used as general anesthetic agents due to their safety and precision in monitoring through machine. Sevoflurane and isoflurane are two most commonly used inhaled anesthetic agents to maintain general anesthesia during surgery and both affect patient’s consciousness. After surgical procedure, patient must be kept under clinical observation at all times in a recovery facility until patient have reached normal level of consciousness. Emergence from the effects of anesthesia is fundamental. Rapid recovery from anesthesia could prevent further postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to examine and to compare recovery times in patients undergoing surgery under sevoflurane to those receiving isoflurane anesthesia.
Methods: An analytical observational cross sectional study was conducted with both inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane as independent variable and recovery times as dependent variable. Subjects recruited for this study were patients who underwent surgery under inhaled anesthetics at Central Surgery Unit. Subjects were selected using quota sampling technique. For the purpose of this study, recovery characteristics were measured using Aldrete score and were obtained after subjects were extubated and transported to a recovery facility. Total subjects of 30 were collected based on inclusive and exclusive criteria, and were allocated into two different groups, which are isoflurane group and sevoflurane group. Statistical analyses were assessed by Chi Square test using IBM SPSS 22.0.
Results: This study found that 11 out of 15 patients receiving sevoflurane gained full recovery and 4 out of 15 patients receiving isoflurane gained full recovery as well. The statistical results stated that the p value is 0.028 (<0.05). Hence, there was a significant difference in times to several recovery events that favoured sevoflurane to isoflurane anesthesia.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that there is a significant difference of recovery times between sevoflurane and isoflurane in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Keywords: recovery times, inhaled anesthetics, sevofulrane, isoflurane