ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris pengaruh kualitas penerapan good corporate governance dan karakteristik perusahaan (ukuran, umur, leverage, jenis industri) terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan BUMN. Kualitas good corporate governance diproksikan dengan total skor indeks GCG yang diukur berdasarkan Surat Sekretaris Kementerian Negara BUMN Nomor: S-168/MBU/2008 dan Keputusan Sekretaris Kementerian BUMN Nomor: SK-16/S.MBU/2012. Kualitas laporan keuangan diproksikan dengan tingkat manajemen laba yang diukur dengan discretionary accruals berdasarkan modified Jones (1991) model yang dikembangkan oleh Dechow dkk. (1995). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 90 laporan keuangan perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode tahun 2009-2014. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan regresi linear berganda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan (SIZE), leverage (LEV) dan jenis industri (TYPE) terbukti berpengaruh terhadap discretionary accruals (DA). Kualitas penerapan  good corporate governance (GCG) dan umur perusahaan (AGE) tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat discretionary accruals (DA). Variabel GCG secara bersama-sama dengan variabel SIZE, AGE, LEV dan TYPE berpengaruh terhadap variabel DA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur indeks GCG yang diatur oleh BUMN gagal berperan sebagai alat monitoring yang efektif sehinggga masih terdapat discretionary accruals yang cukup tinggi dalam laporan keuangan. Informasi skor hasil penilaian GCG tidak cukup untuk meyakinkan stakeholders mengenai kualitas laporan keuangan BUMN.
Kata kunci:    corporate governance, laporan keuangan, manajemen laba, discretionary accruals
ABSTRACT
This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of the quality of good corporate governance implementation and company characteristics (size, age, leverage, types of industry) on the quality of state-owned enterprises (SOE) financial statement. Quality of good corporate governance is proxied by the total index score of GCG that measured based on Letter of Secretary of the Ministry of SOEs No: S-168 / MBU / 2008 and Decree of Secretary of the Ministry of SOEs No: SK-16 / S.MBU / 2012. The quality of financial reports is proxied by the level of earnings management that measured using discretionary accruals based on the modified Jones (1991) model developed by Dechow et al. (1995). The research sample consists of 90 financial statements of SOE listed in the Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2014. The research data analysis uses multiple linear regression.
The results of the study show that company size (SIZE), leverage (LEV) and type of industry (TYPE) are proven to effect on discretionary accruals (DA). The quality of good corporate governance implementation (GCG) and the age of the firm (AGE) have no effect on the level of discretionary accruals (DA). Variable of GCG SIZE, AGE, LEV and TYPE simultaneously have effect on DA. Based on results of the study, it can be concluded that the GCG index structure regulated by the state failed to act as an effective monitoring tool so as there are still high enough of discretionary accruals in the financial statement. The information of GCG assessment score is insufficient to convince stakeholders about the quality of SOE financial statement.
Keyword:    corporate governance, financial statement, earnings management, discretionary accruals