ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air pemeliharaan
hubungannya dengan pertumbuhan dan struktur mikroanatomi (hepatopankreas dan
intestinum) udang vaname pada tambak budidaya yang dimiliki Kelompok Petani Ikan
(POKDAKAN) Muncul Jaya di Kabupaten Brebes.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-eksploratif, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel
non random purposive sampling dan random sampling. Luas tambak A 3.952 m2, tambak B
dan C 5.811 m2. Jumlah tebaran tambak A 300.000 ekor; padat tebar 75 ekor/m, tambak B
dan C 350.000 ekor; padat tebar 58 ekor/m. Penelitian dilakukan selama 56 hari. Metode
pengambilan sampel dan analisis kualitas air pemeliharaan dilakukan sesuai dengan
prosedur kerja oleh Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan (BLK)-Yogyakarta, mengacu pada
(APHA (2005), SNI (06-6989,11-2004), dan IKM-BLKY). Pengukuran pertumbuhan udang
vaname disesuaikan berdasarkan rumus pertumbuhan spesifik dan mutlak. Analisis struktur
mikroanatomi udang vaname menggunakan prosedur kerja oleh Laboratorium Patologi,
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Gadjah Mada dengan teknik pewarnaan
Hemaktosilin-Eosin. Teknik anlisis data yang digunakan adalah SPSS 17 dengan melakukan
uji ANOVA multivariate, kualitas air pemeliharaan dan pertumbuhan serta struktur
mikroanatomi udang vaname menggunakan analisis deskriptif.
Kualitas air tambak A<B<C dan belum memenuhi kriteria baku mutu. Status
kesesuaian dan kualitas air pemeliharaan tambak A dan B tidak sesuai dan tercemar; serta
tambak C kurang sesuai dan tercemar. Secara keselurahan pertumbuhan udang vaname dari
minggu pertama hingga minggu kedelapan di ketiga tambak kurang memenuhi standar,
namun pengecualian untuk pertumbuhan (berat) udang vaname pada minggu keenam dan
kedelapan di tambak A telah memenuhi standar MBW. Pertumbuhan udang tambak A>B>C.
Parameter kualitas air pemeliharaan (suhu, salinitas, pH, DO, alkalinitas, NH3, NO2
-, NO3
-,
2- 2-
dan PO4 ; TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Cu, Pb, H2S, SO4 , Fe, warna, kekeruhan, dan zat yang
teroksidasi dengan KMnO4) mempunyai hubungan dengan pertumbuhan udang vaname.
Dari parameter tersebut yang mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan adalah
suhu, salinitas, pH, DO, alkalinitas, NH3, NO2
-, PO4
2-, TSS, Cu, Pb, H2S, dan Fe). Terdapat
hubungan antara kualitas air pemeliharaan (suhu, pH, salinitas, Cu, Pb, Fe, dan H2S) dengan
struktur mikroanatomi udang vaname, yaitu dengan diketahui adanya kerusakan hipertrofi
dan vakuolisasi dalam sitoplasma serta autolisis.
Kata kunci: Kualitas air pemeliharaan, pertumbuhan, struktur mikroanatomi
(hepatopankreas dan intestinum), udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone).
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between water quality
maintenance and vaname shrimp and microanatomy structure (hepatopancreas and intestine)
on cultivation pond of Muncul Jaya Fish Farmers Group (POKDAKAN) in Brebes district.
This research is a descriptive-exploratory type, with a non-random purposive and
random sampling. The pond A area is 3.952 m2 while pond B and C area are both estimated
at 5.811 m2. The amount of started in pond A is 300.00 vaname shrimp (75 vaname
shrimp/m), pond B and C are 350.000 vaname shrimp (58 vaname shrimp/m). This research
was conducted during 56 days. Water quality maintenance analysis was performed by BLK,
which refered to APHA (2005), SNI (06-6989,11-2004), and IKM-BLKY methods. The
measurement of vaname shrimp growth was adjusted on specific and absolute growth
formula. Microanatomy structure of vaname shrimp analysis was performed by Pathology
Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Gadjah Mada, which Hematoxiline-
Eosine staining technique. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 17 programs. Water quality
maintenace and vaname shrimp growth data were analysed by multivariate ANOVA and
regression testing, while vaname shrimp microanatomy structure data was analysed by
descriptive analysis.
Vaname shrimp in pond A showed the best growth performance than vaname shrimp in
pond B and C (pond A>pond B>pond C). Water quality maintenance status in pond A was
not appropriate and polluted, pond B was not appropriate and polluted, and pond C was not
appropriate and more polluted. Generally, vaname shrimp growth in all ponds during the
research periode did not follow the standard (except for vaname shrimp weight on the sixth
and eight weeks in pond A were meet the MBW standard). This happened because water
quality maintenance parameters such as (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, alkalinity, NH3,
2- 2-
NO2
-, NO3
-, and PO4 ; TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Cu, Pb, H2S, SO4 , Fe, color, turbidity, and
substances that are oxidized whit KMnO4) were not meet the quality standard criteria. Water
quality maintenance parameters have a relationship with vaname shrimp growth.
Temperature, salinity, pH, DO, alkalinity, NH3, NO2
-, PO4
2-; Cu, Pb, H2S, and Fe, these
parameters of water maintenance have significant effects on vaname shrimp growth. There
was a relationship between water quality maintenance (temperature, pH, salinity, Cu, Pb, Fe,
and H2S) with vaname shrimp microanatomy structure. There was known by autolysis
hypertrophy and vacuolization demage in autoplasm.
Keywords: Water quality maintenance, growth, mikroanatomi structure (hepatopancreas and
intestine), vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone).