ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Insidensi terjadinya Demam Berdarah Dengue di Indonesia
tergolong tinggi. Cara pencegahan terbaik adalah dengan memutus rantai
penularannya, salah satunya dengan larvasida. Ekstrak metanol Daun Anting-
Anting diketahui dapat membunuh larva Aedes aegypti di India. Di sini peneliti
ingin meneliti apakah ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting yang berasal dari
Indonesia juga memiliki efek larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti karena Anting-
Anting yang ada di Indonesia kemungkinan memiliki variasi yang berbeda.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorik yang
dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor
dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga, Jawa Tengah. Subjek penelitian
adalah Daun Anting-Anting yang diperoleh dari daerah Sleman, Yogyakarta
dengan indikator penelitian berupa larva Aedes aegypti instar III berjumlah 750
ekor yang diperoleh dari B2P2VRP Salatiga, Jawa Tengah. Ekstrak etanol Daun
Anting-Anting diperoleh dari Laboratorium Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah the post test only control group
design dengan 1 kelompok kontrol dan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Setiap kelompok
berisi 25 larva dan dilakukan 4 kali ulangan. Kelompok kontrol diberi aquadest
100 ml dan kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting dengan
konsentrasi masing-masing 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%, 1,2% dan 1,5%. Setelah 24
jam, dilakukan pengamatan dan dihitung jumlah larva yang mati. Data kemudian
dianalisis dengan Regresi Probit dan Curve Estimation.
Hasil Penelitian: Persentase kematian larva Aedes aegypti pada 0,03%, 0,06%,
0,09%, 1,2% dan 1,5% ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting masing-masing adalah
58%, 63%, 71%, 91% dan 94%. Hasil analisis Regresi Probit menunjukkan bahwa
LC50 dan LC99 ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica Linn.)
berada pada konsentrasi 0,029% dan 0,61%. Sementara itu hasil analisis Curve
Estimation menunjukkan adanya efek ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting dengan
dengan kuat hubungan R² = 0,888 dan persamaan regresi linear Y = 0,478 + 3,073
X.
Simpulan Penelitian: Ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting memilik efek terhadap
mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti dengan LC50 pada konsentrasi 0,029% dan LC99
pada konsentrasi 0,61%.
Kata kunci : larva Aedes aegypti, ekstrak etanol Daun Anting-Anting, LC50 and
LC99
ABSTRACT
Background : The incidency of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia
is high. The best way of prevention is cutting the infection chains, one of them is
using larvasida. Methanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf is known as the killer of
Aedes aegypti larvae in India. Here, the researcher wants to examine whether
ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf in Indonesia has same larvasida affect toward
Aedes aegypti. It is because the cat’s nettle leaf in Indonesia may have different
variations.
Methods : This research was laboratoric experimental which was did in Balai
Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP)
Salatiga, Central Java. The research subject was cat’s nettle leaf which was
obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta. Also, the research indicator was 750 third
instar Aedes aegypti larvas which were obtained from B2P2VRP Salatiga, Central
Java. Ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf was obtained from Pharmacology
Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University. The research design was post test only
control group design with 1 control group and 5 treatment groups. Each group
contained 25 larvae and was examined forth times. Controlled group was added
aquadest 100 ml and treatment groups were added ethanol extract of cat’s nettle
leaf with each concentration 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%, 1,2% and 1,5%. After 24
hours, observation and calculation of how much the larvae is dead were
established. The data was analyzed by using Probit Regression and Curve
Estimation.
Results : The percentage of dead larvae in 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%, 1,2% and 1,5%
of cat’s nettle leaf’s ethanol extract were 58%, 63%, 71%, 91% dan 94%
respectively. The statistic result of Probit Regression shows that LC50 and LC99
are in 0,029% and 0,61% concentration respectively. Also, the Curve Estimation
result shows that there is effect of ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf to the
mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae with tight correlation R² = 0,888 and the linear
regression equation is Y = 0,478 + 3,073 X.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf has effect to the mortality of
Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 in 0,029% concentration and LC99 in 0,61%
concentration.
Key words: Aedes aegypti larvae, ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf, LC50 and
LC99