ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Upaya kesehatan anak sejak di dalam kandungan diperlukan agar
kualitas hidup anak mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal baik fisik, mental,
emosional maupun sosial. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi proses perkembangan
motorik, selain faktor genetik terdapat faktor lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan akan
mengoptimalkan potensi genetik yang dipunyai seorang anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan
menganalisis hubungan pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, jenis kelamin, ASI (Air
Susu Ibu) eksklusif, riwayat penyakit infeksi, dan status gizi dengan perkembangan
motorik kasar bayi usia 6-24 bulan.
Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional
dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak balita usia 6-24
bulan di Klinik Baby Smile Karanganyar sebanyak 100 responden pada bulan Agustus
2015. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil: Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik antara ASI
eksklusif (OR=33,77; CI 95% 5,35-213,18; p<0,001) dan status gizi (OR=7,03; CI 95%
1,19-41,70; p=0,032) dengan perkembangan motorik kasar bayi usia 6-24 bulan. Ada
hubungan antara pendidikan ibu (OR=0,31; CI 95% 0,03-4,00; p=0,373), pendapatan
keluarga (OR=7,56; CI 95% 0,18-313,73; p=0,287), jenis kelamin anak balita
(OR=0,52; CI 95% 0,15-1,72; p=0,281), dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR=3,07; CI
95% 0,93-10,10; p=0,065) dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak balita usia 6 – 24
bulan namun tidak signifikan secara statistik.
Kesimpulan: Bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif dan berstatus gizi baik mempunyai
perkembangan motorik kasar normal. Pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, jenis
kelamin anak dan riwayat penyakit infeksi tidak berpengaruh tehadap perkembangan
motorik kasar bayi usia 6-24 bulan.
Kata kunci: pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, ASI eksklusif, status gizi,
perkembangan motorik kasar.
ABSTRACT
Background: The improving of children’s health since inside the womb is needed in
order to make the life quality of children can grow well physically, mentally,
emotionally, and socially. Many factors affect the motor development; beside genetic
factors, there are environmental factors. Environmental factors will optimize the
genetic potential which belongs to a child. This research aimed to analyze the
relationship between maternal education, family income, the sex of baby, exclusive
breastfeeding, history of infectious diseases, nutritional status and gross motor
development of infants aged 6-24 months.
Subjects and Methods: This study was an observational quantitative study with cross
sectional approach. The subjects were 100 children under the age of 6-24 months at the
clinic Baby Smile Karanganyar in August 2015. The analysis used was multiple logistic
of regression analysis.
Results: This study explains that there were positive and statistically significant effects
among exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 33.77; 95% CI 5.35 to 213.18; p <0.001) and
gross motor development of 6-24 months babies, the nutritional status of children and
motor development of 6-24 months babies (OR = 7.03; 95% CI 1.19 to 41.70; p=0.032).
There was a relationship between maternal education (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.03 to 4.00;
p = 0.373), family income (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 0.18 to 313.73; p = 0,287), sex of under
five years children (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.15 to 1.72; p = 0.281), history of infectious
disease (OR = 3.07; 95% CI 0.93 to 10, 10; p = 0.065) and gross motor development of
6-24 months babies, but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The babies who are exclusively breastfed and good nutritional status have
normal gross motor development of 6-24 months babies. The maternal education, family
income, sex of children and a history of infectious disease did not affect gross motor
development of 6-24 months babies.
Keywords: Maternal educations, family income, exclusive breastfeeding, nutrition
status, gross motor development.