ABSTRACT
Tujuan penelitian ini (1) mendeskripsikan ekspresi verbal dan non verbal masyarakat nelayan yang terangkum dalam tradisi akan, sedang dan setelah melaut (2) menjelaskan alasan nelayan di kepulauan Karimunjawa melakukan tradisi yang terekspresikan dalam bahasa dan budaya pada waktu akan, sedang, dan sesudah melaut (3) mendeskripsikan makna kearifan kultural nelayan yang terangkum dalam bahasa dan budaya perangkat sesaji nelayan (4) mendeskripsikan interaksi sosial budaya dan ekonomi nelayan Jawa dan Non Jawa di lingkungan masyarakat Karimunjawa.
Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode etnografi (analisis domain, taksonomi, dan komponensial) sehingga terumuskan tema budayanya. Sumber data berasal dari nelayan dan upacara ritual. Datanya berupa kosakata yang berhubungan dengan nelayan dan upacara ritual. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi pasrtisipasi dan wawancara mendalam.
Hasil penelitian meliputi (1) ekspresi non verbal dan verbal masyarakat nelayan yang terangkum dalam tradisi akan, sedang dan setelah melaut. Yang harus diperhatikan pada waktu akan melaut seperti kelengkapan perahu, musim, waktu, peralatan, perlengkapan, perbintangan, perbekalan, dan berdoa. Saat melaut antara lain memperhatikan potensi ikan berdasarkan lokasi, jenis laut, air laut, ikan berdasarkan kebutuhan nelayan, kendala-kendala, pantangan-pantangan, mitos-mitos. Aktivitas setelah melaut seperti memperhatikan jenis ikan hasil tangkapan dan kegiatan lainnya (2) alasan nelayan di kepulauan Karimunjawa masih mempertahankan tradisi yang terekspresikan dalam bahasa dan budaya pada waktu akan, sedang, dan sesudah melaut adalah terdapat kandungan nilai-nilai seperti nilai sosial, agama, ekonomi, dan pendidikan (3) makna kearifan kultural nelayan yang terangkum dalam bahasa dan budaya dalam masing-masing perangkat nelayan maupun upacara ritual akan merumuskan pola pikir, pandangan hidup dan pandangan dunia (4) interaksi sosial budaya nelayan suku Jawa dan Non Jawa seperti mengadakan acara-acara adat. Selain itu interaksi ekonomi berhubungan dengan hasil penjualan atau perekonomian warga.
Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekspresi-ekspresi verbal dan non verbal yang terangkum dalam aktivitas nelayan dan upacara ritual yang masing-masing mempunyai makna leksikal dan kultural sehingga akan merumuskan pola pikir, pandangan hidup dan pandangan dunia yang berkaitan dengan analisis tema budaya bahwa masyarakat nelayan Karimunjawa dalam menjalani kehidupan mempunyai konsep spiritual yang berhubungan dengan wujud tertinggi, konsep gaib yang berhubungan dengaan perantara-perantara yang menguasai daratan dan lautan, serta konsep usaha yang berkaitan dengan perlengkapan dan peralatan nelayan.
Kata kunci: Ekspresi verbal dan non verbal, tradisi, masyarakat nelayan Karimunjawa, etnosains, etnolinguistik
ABSTRACT
The aims of this research are (1) to describe verbal and non verbal expressions of seamen in their tradition of before, on, and after fishing (2) to explain the reasons why the seamen in Karimunjawa do the tradition expressed in language and culture before, ongoing and after fishing (3) to describe the meaning of the cultural wisdom of the seamen which belong to language and culture of seamens’ equipments (4) to describe about social, culture and economic interaction of Javaness and Non Javaness seamen in Karimunjawa.
This is a descriptive qualitative research employing etnography method (analizing of domain, taxonomy, and componential) in order to fix the pattern of the culture theme.The data were in form of words in which the source of the data were taken from the seamen of Java, Madura, Bugis and the traditional ceremonies in Karimunjawa.The collecting data of this research were participative observation and in depth interview.
The results show (1) non verbal and verbal expressions of seaman at before, on, and after fishing. Several phenomenas as follow completeness of ship, seasons, times, equipments, astronomy, self supplies, and praying. When they are fishing, they need to be concern for the fish potential based on their living, kind of the sea, fishes based on seamens’need, treatments, prohobitions, and myths. Some activities after fishing are paying attention to the kinds of fish, the cost of sale, and other activities (2) the reasons why the seamen in Karimunjawa still maintain their tradition expressed in language and culture when before, ongoing, and after fishing are caused by the values in the tradition such as social values, religion values, economic values, and education values (3) the meaning of cultural wisdom for each item of seamens’ equipments and ritual ceremony would formulate their thinking, view of life, and viewof world (4) social and cultural interaction between Javaness and Non Javaness seamen is like organizing traditional events. Besides, economic interaction is related to sales output or people’s economy.
The result of this research showed that verbal and non verbal expression of seamens’ activity and ritual ceremonies have lexical and cultural meaning. These expressions will gradually formulate their mindset, view of life, and view of world related to cultural theme analysisthat the seamen of Karimunjawa has their life concept such as spiritual concept related to the highest, invisible concept related to mediator who conquers the land and the sea, and also effortness concept related toseamens’ equipment.
Keywords: verbal and non verbal expression, tradition, seamen of karimunjawa, etnosscience, etnolinguistics