Abstrak
Pendahuluan: Ruang operasi merupakan ruangan yang berpotensi tinggi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit terutama infeksi luka operasi. Lingkungan ruang operasi beresiko tinggi yang bisa menjadi tempat yang mudah menularkan infeksi dari dan ke penderita.Sumber infeksi juga dapat berasal dari personel kamar operasi, alat dan bahan penunjang pembedahan, lingkungan pembedahan dan pasien yang akan dibedah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola bakteri pada alas kaki yang digunakan ke kamar operasi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Metode: Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 50 sampel dimana pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada setiap alas kaki yang dibawa masuk ke ruang instalasi bedah sentral RS Dr. Moewardi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode swab. Hasil swab dibawa ke Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FK UNS lalu diinkubasi. Hasil inkubasi diamati dan koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dihitung dan dicatat. Hasil inkubasi yang menunjukkan bakteri kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan gram. Bila ditemukan gram positif dilakukan kultur bakteri di blood agar (dengan uji katalase, koagulase dan MSA) dan kultur bakteri di agar (dengan uji TSIA, SItrat, SIM dan gula-gula) untuk kuman gram negatif. Hasil: Deksripsi kelompok kuman dikelompokkan dalam dua kelompok berdasarkan obyek sampel dan tempat pengambilan sampel, dilakukan dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji chi square. Hasil uji analisis chi square pada kelompok kuman berdasarkan obyek sampel didapatkan hasil p=0,002 (p < 0 p=0,112> 0,05), yang bermakna bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar kelompok kuman yang ditemukan adalah jenis gram positif, mayoritas adalah kuman staphylococcus yang didapatkan pada sandal dan lantai kamar operasi, ruang transfer dan ruang ganti baju di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Kata kunci: Alas kaki, Instalasi Bedah Sentral, kuman, staphylococcus, chi square
Abstract
Background: The operating room is the room that has a high potential of nosocomial infection in hospital, especially operation wound infection. A high-risk operating room environment can easily transmit infection from one patient to another. The infection may be sourced from operating room personnels, surgical supporting tools and materials, surgery environments, as well as surgical patients. This study aims to find out the microbacterial pattern in footwears used in operating rooms in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Methods: The study sampels consisted of 50 samples, obtained from every footwears going into the central surgical unit of Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Sampels were obtained using the swab method. Swabs attained were taken to Microbiology Labs of UNS Faculty of Medicine to be incubated. Incubation findings were then observed and bacterial colonies grew were counted and recorded. Gram stains were conducted for incubation findings that had bacterial colonies. If positve gram bacteria were found, a bacteria culture was done in a blood agar media (using catalase, coagulase, and MSA tests) while bacteria culture in an agar media was done (using TSIA, SItrat, SIM and triple sugar tests) for negative gram  bacteria. Result: The description of bacterial groups was divided into two groups based on the sample object and sampling site and was analyzed using cross tabulation. Afterward, A chi square test was conducted to the samples. The chi square analysis test result on sample object-bacterial groups was p=0,002 (p<0 p=0.112>0.05) which means there was no significant difference on the data. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that most bacterial groups found were the positive grams and the majority of colony was staphylococcus, found in sandals and operating room floors, transfer room, and changing room in Central Surgical Unit of Dr. Moewardi Hospital of Surakarta. Keywords: Footwears, Central Surgical Unit, Microbacteria, Staphylococcus, Chi square