Background

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by degradation of joint cartilage that leads to loss of joint function and pain. Clinical approaches in the treatment of osteoarthritis usually only reduce symptoms without restoring joint homeostasis function to prevent osteoarthritis. Exosomes are one of the most powerful intercellular communicators, capable of communicating with adjacent or distant cells. Exosomes obtained from conditioned media mesenchymal wharton jelly (WJ) stem cells have protein expression, growth factors and micro Ribo Nucleic Acid (miRNA) associated with the process of cartilage regeneration. Hypertrophy-impaired chondrocyte can be used to evaluate the effects of regeneration in vitro, through levels of the master transcription SRY-BOX 9 (SOX-9) and Collagen Type 2.

Objectives

To analyze the effect of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media exosomes exposure to the repair of chondrosite in cartilage experiencing osteoarthritis.

Methods

Experimental research with  pre and post test control group design by comparing levels of SOX-9 and Collagen Type II using ELISA against chondrocye cultures that were treated with Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media exosomes doses of 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.1% compared to the controls. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 with one way annova test for data with normal distribution, as well as kruscal wallis test for abnormal distribution.

Results

Significant differences were seen in increased levels of SOX-9 cells where administering Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells media conditioned exosome increased SOX-9-specific gene expression in the exosome group WJ 0.01% (39.9%), the exosome group WJ 0.1% (25.3%), and the exosome group WJ 1% (21.2%) compared to the control group. Calculations of collagen type II levels showed significant differences in the administration of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells media conditioned exosome group WJ 0.1% (30.1%) compared to the controls. While the increase in collagen concentration type II in the exosome group WJ 0.1% (2.6%), and the exosome group WJ 1% (11.8%) showed no significant difference compared to the controls.

Conclusion       

The administration of of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media exosomes effectively increases the expression of SOX-9-specific genes and the concentration of type II collagen in chondrocyte cells in a hypertrophic state.