ABSTRAK

Stunting merupakan masalah kekurangan gizi kronis yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pertumbuhan pada anak sehingga kondisi tubuh lebih pendek dibandingkan anak yang seusia. Studi Status Gizi Indonesia 2021 mencatat prevalensi stunting merupakan prevalensi kekurangan gizi kronis paling tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan terhadap prevalensi stunting di 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Variabel sosial ekonomi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi tingkat kemiskinan dan angka partisipasi sekolah, sedangkan variabel lingkungan meliputi persentase rumah tangga memiliki akses sanitasi layak serta sumber air minum layak. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2017-2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu regresi data panel dengan software STATA 16.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik berdasarkan estimasi regresi data panel pada penelitian ini adalah Random Effect. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan secara simultan kemiskinan, angka partisipasi sekolah, sanitasi layak, dan sumber air minum layak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prevalensi stunting di 34 Provinsi di Indonesia. Secara parsial, sanitasi layak berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap prevalensi stunting, angka partisipasi sekolah dan sumber air minum layak berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap prevalensi stunting, sedangkan kemiskinan berpengaruh secara positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap prevalensi stunting di 34 provinsi di Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem that can cause growth failure in children so that the body condition is shorter than children of the same age. The 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study noted that the prevalence of stunting was the highest prevalence of chronic malnutrition in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of socio-economic and environmental on the prevalence of stunting in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The socio-economic variables used in this study include poverty rate and school participation rates, while environmental variables include the percentage of households having access to proper sanitation and adequate drinking water sources. The data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2017-2021. The analysis method used is panel data regression with STATA 16 software.

The results showed that the best model based on panel data regression estimates in this study is the Random Effect Model. The results of the regression analysis showed that simultaneously poverty, school participation rates, proper sanitation, and adequate drinking water sources significantly affected the prevalence of stunting in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Partially, proper sanitation has a negative and significant effect on the prevalence of stunting, school participation rates and adequate drinking water sources have a negative but not significant effect on the prevalence of stunting, while poverty has a positive effect but not significant effect on the prevalence of stunting in 34 provinces in Indonesia.