ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pneumonia masih merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas Balita. Kasus pneumonia di Indonesia masih terbilang tinggi dimana kasusnya pada Balita berkisar antara 10% sampai 20% per tahun. Pemberian ASI di Indonesia saat ini masih memprihatinkan. Hal yang sangat disayangkan bahwa ternyata ibu yang memberikan ASI hanya 2% dari jumlah total ibu melahirkan. Padahal ASI mengandung berbagai jenis antibodi yang mampu melawan berbagai penyakit infeksitermasuk pneumonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan dan besar hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kasus pneumonia anak usia 6 bulan – 5 tahun.
Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik menggunakan pendekatan case control yaitu membandingkan antara sekelompok orang terdiagnosis pneumonia (kasus) dengan sekelompok lainnya yang tidak terdiagnosis sedang atau pernah menderita pneumonia (kontrol). Penelitian dilakukan dari Oktober - November 2015 di Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BBKPM) Surakartadan di beberapa Posyandu lingkup Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan fixed disease sampling dengan jumlah subjek 36 untuk masing-masing kelompok. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Odds Ratio melalui program SPSS 16.0 for Windows.
Hasil Penelitian : Pada kelompok kontrol sejumlah 23 subjek (63,9%) telah melakukan pemberian ASI eksklusif, sedangkan 13 subjek (36,1%) tidak memberi ASI secara eksklusif. Pada kelompok kasus, 20 subjek penelitian (55,6 %) tidak melakukan pemberian ASI eksklusif, sedangkan sisanya 16 subjek (44,4%) telah memberi ASI secara eksklusif. Hasil analisis Chi Square menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,98 (p > 0,05). Perhitungan analisis Odds Ratio mendapatkan nilai 0,452 (OR < 1) dengan taraf kepercayaan 0,176 – 1,164.
Simpulan Penelitian: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p = 0,98; OR = 0,452; CI = 0,176 – 1,164) antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kasus pneumonia anak usia 6 bulan – 5 tahun.
Kata kunci: pneumonia anak, ASI eksklusif
ABSTRACT
Backgorund: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of children under five. Pneumonia cases in Indonesia is relatively high in which case the infants ranged from 10% to 20% per year. Breastfeeding in Indonesia is still cause for concern. It is very unfortunate that turned out to breastfeeding mothers only 2% of the total number of mothers giving birth. In fact, breast milk contains a variety of antibodies that can fight various infectious diseases including pneumonia. This study aims to determine the relationship and the larger relationship between exclusive breastfeeding with pneumonia case of children aged 6 months - 5 years.
Methods: The study was an observational case control analytic approach is a comparison between a group of people diagnosed with pneumonia (the case) with a group of other undiagnosed being or have ever suffered from pneumonia (control). The study was conducted from October – November 2015 in the Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BBKPM) Surakarta and in several districtsJebres Posyandu scope of Surakarta. The sampling technique used fixed disease sampling with 36 subjects for each group. Statistical test using Chi Square and Odds Ratio by SPSS 16.0 for Windows.
Results: In the control group a number of 23 subjects (63.9%) have been doing exclusive breastfeeding, while 13 subjects (36.1%) did not give exclusive breastfeeding. In the case group, 20 research subjects (55.6%) do not do exclusive breastfeeding, while the remaining 16 subjects (44.4%) were breastfeeding exclusively. Chi Square analysis of the results showed p value of 0.98 (p> 0.05). Odds Ratio analysis calculation to get the value of 0.452 (OR <1) with a level of 0.176 to 1.164.
Conclusion:There was no significant relationship (p = 0.98; OR = 0.452; CI = 0.176 – 1.164) between exclusive breastfeeding with pneumonia case of children aged 6 months - 5 years.
Keywords: childhood pneumonia, exclusive breastfeeding