ABSTRACTBackground: Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus) is a medicinal plant with several active ingredients, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidants. Recently, Java tea and other plants have been facing challenges, particularly due to rising temperatures from global warming, which disrupts the production of their medicinal compounds.Methods: The study was conducted to explore the effects of rising ambient temperatures and organic matter on Java tea medicinal plants. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized factorial design, with factors including ambient temperature (control, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) and compost amendment (control and compost). The study assessed the medicinal properties of Java tea (phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants), and also the soil chemical properties (soil nitrogen, phosphorus, total potassium, organic carbon, and soil cation exchange capacity) to support the explanation.Result: The results showed that amending compost under high ambient temperatures led to an increase in total phenolics and flavonoids due to the reduction in soil. Specifically, soil total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity decreased due to faster soil decomposition and mineralization processes at high ambient temperatures. However, the application of compost specifically increased the yield of soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon at 40°C. High soil total nitrogen favored the recovery of total phenolics, while high soil organic carbon favored the increase of Java tea flavonoids.Conclusion: However, compost application during temperature increases between 25-40°C stimulates the production of active plant compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. Interestingly, the antioxidant content in plants appears unaffected by environmental temperature variations or soil chemical properties. This study implies that organic amendment should be implementedduring the medicinal plants culture under the global warming phenomenon to enhance the active ingredients of java tea medicinal plants.