This
study analyses the representation of 4C skills-Critical Thinking and
Problem-Solving, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity and Innovation-in
the Merdeka Curriculum English textbook Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut for
eleventh-grade senior high school students. Using a qualitative content
analysis method, the researcher examined 483 instructions and question items
from five textbook units and two concluding sections. The data were categorized
according to the 4C skill indicators proposed by Gunawan et al. (2022) and analyzed
using Miles and Huberman’s (2014) interactive model. The
findings reveal that all four 4C skills are present in the textbook, but in
unequal proportions. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving skills dominate,
appearing in 327 activities (67.7%), primarily in the form of analyzing tasks,
while Communication skills appear in 98 activities (20.3%), Collaboration in 9
activities (1.9%), and Creativity and Innovation in 49 activities (10.1%). The
textbook strongly emphasizes analytical thinking and interpretation of
information, while activities requiring teamwork, authentic communication, and
creative production are less developed.
These results
indicate that although the textbook supports the development of students’
critical thinking skills, it does not fully align with the Merdeka Curriculum’s
goal of balanced 4C skill cultivation. Teachers are encouraged to complement
the textbook with additional materials and activities to strengthen
Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity and Innovation skills. The study
also provides insights for textbook authors to integrate more varied
4C-oriented tasks in future revisions.